PENNATULIDA. 87 



cluster from Canning Land, 202 fathoms; the contemporary Swedish expedition got a mycket vackert 

 specimen on the 14 th of Aug.. in the mouth of the Franz-Joseph Fjord, at a depth of 200300 metres 

 (Kolthoff, p. 176). On the cruise of the Michael Sars in 1902, one entire specimen (Nr. 9) and a torn- 

 off cluster were taken at St. 34, north-east of the Faeroes, 62 53' N. Lat, 4 14' E. Long., 384 fathoms, 

 and in 1903 one entire, but broken specimen was taken by the Thor at St 51, east of Iceland, 

 66 2' N. Lat, 11 5' W. Long., at a depth of 900 1040 metres. 



The localities enumerated show that this species, in contrast to most of the species of the 

 genus, does not seem to thrive in very greath depths, as the known depths reach from ca. 105 

 fathoms to 762 fathoms. It seems to be most luxuriantly developed and most numerous on the slopes 

 towards the cold depths, but in places and depths where the temperature is already below zero; whether 

 it is found, otherwise than exceptionally, in the really great depths must for the present be left 

 undecided; hitherto, we have only one instance of its being found there, viz. the specimen from 

 St. 105 of the Ingolf. 



I doubt very much whether the species Umb. encrinus would be found outside the territory 

 so well bounded geographically where it is really known; I am quite persuaded that the determination 

 is erroneous, when Studer mentions the species U. encrinus from the Pacific, o 19' N. Lat, 90 34' 

 W. Long., at a depth of 331 fathoms. (Albatross, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol. XXV, no. 5); Studer's 

 species is perhaps identical with Kolliker's U. magniflora from the Southern Ocean, east of Kerguelen 

 Island which species I cannot, however (as Danielssen is inclined to do), regard as identical with 

 U. encrimis, even if it is closely allied to it. This species of Kolliker (Chall. Rep. p. 24) is said, among 

 other things, to want spicules entirely. That there can be no doubt of the correctness of this observa- 

 tion arises from the fact that Kolliker was the first who discovered that microscopically small spicules 

 may be found only in the lower end of the peduncle in several other f7m6e/lula-species (and in Anthop- 

 tilum). Kiikenthal (Zool. Anz. 1902, p. 596) has described a new variety* of Umb. encrinus, a 

 var. antarctica, taken east of Bouvet-Island, at a depth of 450 metres. As it differs in several respects 

 from the northern genuine Umb. encrimis, I take it to be another species; perhaps also identical with 

 U. magniflora K611. (which Kiikenthal however regards as another variety of U. encrinus}. 



General Review of the Occurrence and Distribution of the 



Northern Pennatulids. 



Of the 21 species which, according to the preceding account, constitute the whole Pennatulid- 

 fauna within the territory treated of here, the following six have not hitherto been taken in any 

 locality north of 49 N. Lat: Protoptilum carpenteri, Anthoptilum grandiflorum, Anth. nmrrayi, Disti- 

 choptilum gracile, and the two new species Protoptilum denticulatum and Pennatula prolifera. 



To the fauna of Norway 13 species are to be referred, as the large number of 29 species 



