12 ZOANTHARIA 



termination" (H. & S.), so that seen from the side the "distal part is sharply truncate. The capitular 

 furrows are well-marked, in smaller polyps the number is 15, in larger about 18, sometimes even 22. 

 In dark specimens these furrows seem to be more distinct. The polyps show a slight bending at the 

 entrance of the carcinoecium, i. e. forwards. The polyps as well as the carcincecium are strongly 

 incrusted with sand-grains. As opposed to what we find in E. paguriphilus I have seen no trace of 

 the cuticle in this species. 



The oesophagus is short, the siphonoglyphe distinct with a well developed hyposulcus of almost 

 the same length as the oesophagus. Haddon & Shackleton state that the siphonoglyphe is 

 "somewhat" indistinct. It may be, that they have come to this result, owing to their sections passing 

 through the uppermost part of the oesophagus, where the siphonoglyphe is not distinctly developed as yet. 



Anatomical description: Haddon and Shackleton have described the anatomy of this 

 species. On several points I am able to supplement their description. The ectoderm of the body-wall is 

 continuous and fairly low. It contains a large number of nematocysts with strongly twisted thread (length 

 22 24^, breadth 8 10^). Owing to the strong incrustation it is difficult to judge of their distribution 

 on the different parts of the body. The mesoglcea is several times broader than the ectoderm. It is 

 generally fairly homogenous, but contains here and there some scattered small cells and in the inner part 

 very few cell-islets and lacunae. The ectoderm is thinner than the ectoderm. The incrustations are rather 

 strong and consist almost exclusively of fairly coarse sand-grains, which fill the whole of the body-wall 

 and may sometimes, as mentioned by Haddon and Shackleton, even penetrate into the coelenteron. 



The sphincter is short but strong, the muscle-fibres are large and separated by narrow bands 

 of connective tissue. In contracted specimens the sphincter is broad in the upper part, often filling 

 up almost the whole breadth of the mesoglcea, but narrows quickly downwards. 



The ectoderm of the tentacles is as usual high and contains numerous spirocysts. Thick- 

 walled capsules if any are very small. 



The ectoderm of the oesophagus is high and provided with numerous thick-walled, narrow 

 nematocysts (length 17 ig//)- I have also, though seldom, found similar nematocysts as in the body- 

 wall. The ectoderm of the siphonoglyphe is lower, and the mesoglcea is in some cases greatly 

 thickened in other cases less so, owing to the greater or less development of the siphonoglyphe. 



The number of mesenteries is somewhat variable. In smaller specimens I have found 32 

 mesenteries (18 macro- and 14 micro-mesenteries); a larger specimen had 36 mesenteries, another 38 

 (10 macro and 9 micro on the one side and n macro and 9 micromesenteries on the other). The 

 greatest number of mesenteries I have observed was 42, in which specimen the one side had one 

 macro- and one micro-mesentery more than the other side. The micro-mesenteries are weak and in 

 the lower part of the cesophageal region and under the oesophagus they reach only a little way 

 into the coelenteron. The longitudinal as well as the parieto-basilar muscles are weak and the distribution 

 of these muscles on the body-wall is also inconsiderable. 



The filaments have the usual structure. In the cnido-glandular tract we find sometimes sparsely, 

 sometimes more frequently, nematocysts with spiral thread which are broader at the one side than at 

 the other (length about 24//, greatest breadth about 78^), further frequently thick-walled capsules 

 (length 22 ft, breadth 



