ZOANTHARIA 



2 9 



73 3' N., i83o' E. Beeren Island Norway 410 m. Bott. temp. 2. Gray clay. Spitzbergen Ex. 1898 

 4/9 No. 42 several colonies R. M. (sp. b). 



Davis Straits 80 fms. 20/10. 1884. Holm, several colonies. Copenh. Museum, (sp. c). 



75 26' N., 6j2j' W. 260 fins. Sophia Ex. No. 582. i sp. R. M. (sp. d) var. loveni Finmarken. 

 0xfjord L o v e n. i colony. R. M. 



Dimensions: (a) Length of the largest polyp o - 8 cm., breadth 07 cm., (b) length of the largest 

 polyp i cm., breadth 07 cm. (c) length and breadth about o - 5 cm. (d) height 0-8 cm., breadth o - 6 cm. 



Colour. According to Danielssen's figure 9 PI. 6, which I consider to represent this species, 

 the body-wall must be light-red with a yellowish tint, the latter being due to the large amount of 

 sand in the incrustation. The capitular furrows are reddish, with a tinge of brown. The tentacles 

 and the oral disc (the central part in the middle?) are reddish brown. In alcohol a, c and d are light 

 sand-coloured, b dirty grayish. 



External appearance. The polyps from the localities a and d formed no colonies and were 

 fixed on stones, whereas most of the specimens from b and c generally formed colonies; c was fixed 

 on Balani, b on stones and Rhizopoda (Rhizammina?). The polyps are seldom placed quite close 

 together; the coenenchyme between the different polyps is generally fairly well-developed, but very 

 thin. On a colony from c and on those from b, when viewed externally, it looks as if the coenenchyme 

 is thick. This is generally not the case, however, though the irregular under-layer of tubuli pressed 

 together makes it look thickened at some places. All the polyps were contracted and the tentacles 

 not to be seen; in this state the breadth and the length are almost equal or the length a little greater. 

 The distal part is somewhat broader than the proximal. On most of the polyps the upper aspect is 

 truncate 1 , sometimes they are a little rounded, especially the smaller polyps. The capitular furrows 

 are more or less distinct, most distinct in d (fig. 13), in the smaller specimens their number could not 

 be determined. They seem to vary between 16 and 22, a) 22, b) 18, 18 16, 16, 17, 2118 17 18, 

 c) 2020 22 22, d) 18. The polyps as well as the coenenchyme were strongly incrusted with sand- 

 grains, which made the sectioning very difficult. 



In a closely examined specimen the number of tentacles was 36. If the tentacles are double 

 the number of capitular furrows, they must vary between 32 and 44. 



The oesophagus is short with distinct siphonoglyphe and a hyposulcus which is as long as the 

 oesophagus. 



Anatomical description. The ectoderm of the body-wall is fairly high and continuous 

 with a weak cuticle. In the lower part of the polyp are equally broad nematocysts with greatly 

 twisted thread (length 34 41^, breadth n 12//). In the capitular region we find similar capsules, 

 which are however considerably narrower (length 34 41 yu, breadth 7//). The mesoglcea is very large, 

 at least twice as thick as the ectoderm and is generally strongly incrusted with sand and some fora- 



1 Among the specimens of Epizoanthus glacialis collected by the Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition were also 

 some polyps of E. danielsseni. Danielssen 1891 p. 130 says that "when the polyp (of E. glacialis) is retracted the uppermost 

 extremity appears truncated but with a little depression in the middle and a rounded margin carrying it PI. 6, fig. 9." This 

 description agrees well with a polyp found in the collection which I consider to be the original of Danielssen's fig. 9, PL 6 - 

 represented in my paper in fig. 6 PI. 2. This polyp belonged to the species E. danielsseni. The description of the upper 

 part of the body on the other hand does not agree with E. glacialis. 



