: CONTENTS. 



Genealogical Bond between Miocene and recent Plants and Insects — Fossils 

 of Oeninghen — Species of Insects in Britain and Nortli America represented 

 by distinct Varieties — Falconer's Monograph on living and fossil Elephants 

 — Fossil Species and Genera of the Horse Tribe in North and South America 

 — Relation of the Pliocene Mammalia of North America, Asia, and Europe 

 — Species of Mammalia, though less persistent than the Mollusca, change 

 slowly — Arguments for and against Transmutation derived from the Absence 

 of Mammalia in Islands — Imperfection of the Geological Record — Inter- 

 calation of newly discovered Formations of intermediate Age in the chronolo- 

 gical Series — Reference of the St. Cassian Beds to the Triassic Period — 

 Discovery of new organic Types — Feathered Archseopteryx of the Oolite 



Page 424 



CHAPTER XXIII. 



ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGES AND SPECIES COMPARED. 



Aryan Hypothesis and Controversy — The Races of Mankind change more 

 slowly than their Languages — Theory of the gradual Origin of Languages 

 — Difficulty of defining what is meant by a Language as distinct from a 

 Dialect — Great Number of extinct and living Tongues — No European 

 Language a Thousand Years old — Gaps between Languages, bow caused 

 — Imperfection of the Record — Changes always in Progress — Struggle for 

 Existence between Rival Terms and Dialects — Causes of Selection — Each 

 Language formed slowly in a single geographical Area — May die out 

 gradually or suddenly — Once lost can never be revived — Mode of Origin 

 of Languages and Species a Mystery — Speculations as to the Number of 

 original Languages or Species unprofitable 4.51 



CHAPTER XXIV. 



BEARING OF THE DOCTRINE OF TRANSMUTATION ON THE ORIGIN OF MAN, 

 AND HIS PLACE IN THE CREATION. 



Whether Man can be regarded as an Exception to the Rule if the Doctrine of 

 Transmutation be embraced for the rest of the Animal Kingdom — Zoological 

 Relations of Man to other Mammalia — Systems of Classification — Term 

 Quadrumanous, why deceptive — Whether the Structure of the Human Brain 

 entitles Man to form a distinct Sub-class of the Mammalia — Pi.ecent Con- 

 troversy as to the Degree of Resemblance between the Brain of Man and 

 that of the Apes — Intelligence of the lower Animals compared to the 

 Intellect and Reason of Man — Grounds on which Man has been referred 

 to a distinct Kingdom of Nature — Immaterial Principle common to Man 

 and Animals — Non-discovery of intermediate Links among Fossil Anthropo- 

 morphous Species — Hallam on the compound Nature of Man, and his Place 

 in the Creation — Dr. Asa Gray on Gradations in Nature, and on the bearing 

 of the Doctrine of Natural Selection on Natural Theology 471 



