54 UPRAISED MARINE STRATA. chap. hi. 



other skeletons of whales were found nt Bltiir Drummond, 

 between the years 1819 and 1824, seven miles np the estuary 

 above Stirling,* also at an elevation of between twenty and 

 thirty feet above the sea. Near two of these whales, pointed 

 instruments of deer's horn were found, one of which retained 

 part of a wooden handle, probably preserved by having been 

 enclosed in peat. This weapon is now in the museum at 

 Edinburgh. 



The position of these fossil whales and bone implements, 

 and still more of an iron anchor found in the Carse of Falkirk, 

 below Stirling^ shows that the upheaval by which the 

 raised beach of Leith was laid dry extended far westward 

 probably as far as the Clyde, where, as we have seen, marine 

 strata containing buried canoes rise to a similar height above 

 the sea. 



The same upward movement which reached simultaneously 

 east and west from sea to sea was also felt as far north as 

 the estuary of the Tay. This may be inferred from the Celtic 

 name of Inch being attached to many hillocks, Avhich rise 

 above the general level of the alluvial plains, implying that 

 these eminences were once surrounded by water or marshy 

 ground. At various localities also in the silt of the Carse of 

 Gowrie iron imjjlements have been found. 



The raised beach, also containing a great number of marine 

 shells of recent species, traced up to a height of fourteen feet 

 above the sea by Mr. W. J. Hamilton at Elie, on the 

 southern coast of Fife, is doubtless another effect of the 

 same extensive upheaval. f A similar movement would also 

 account for some changes which antiquaries have recorded 

 much farther south, on the borders of the Solway Frith ; 

 though in this case, as in that of the estuary of the Forth, 

 the conversion of sea into land has always been referred 



* Memoirs, Werncrian Society, v. f Proceedings of Geological Society, 



p. 440. 1S33, vol. ii. p. 280. 



