CHAP. IV. DISCOVERIES OF MM. TOURNAL AND CHRISTOL. 59 



CHAPTER IV. 



POST-PLIOCENE PERIOD — BONES OP MAN AND EXTINCT 

 MAMMALIA IN BELGIAN CAVERNS. 



EARLIEST DISCOVERIES IN CAVES OF LANGUEDOC OF HUMAN REMAINS 



WITH BONES OF EXTINCT MAMMALIA RESEARCHES IN 1833 OF DR. 



SCHMERLING IN THE LIEGE CAVERNS SCATTERED PORTIONS OF HUMAN 



SKELETONS ASSOCIATED WITH BONES OF ELEPHANT AND RHINOCEROS 



DISTRIBUTION AND PROBABLE MODE OF INTRODUCTION OF THE 



BONES — IMPLEMENTS OF FLINT AND BONE — SCHMERLING's CONCLUSIONS 



AS TO THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN IGNORED PRESENT STATE OF THE 



BELGIAN CAVES HUMAN BONES RECENTLY FOUND IN CAVE OF ENGI- 



HOUL ENGULFED RIVERS STALAGMITIC CRUST ANTIQUITY OF THE 



HUMAN REMAINS IN BELGIUM HOW PROVED. 



TjAYINGr hitherto considered those formations in which 

 ■*"'- both the fossil shells and the mammalia are of living 

 species, we may now turn our attention to those of older 

 date, in which, the shells being all recent, some of the accom- 

 panying mammalia are extinct, or belong to species not known 

 to have lived within the times of history or tradition. 



Discoveries of MM. Tournal and Christol in 1828, in the South 



of France. 



In the Principles of Geology, when treating of the fossil 

 remains found in alluvium, and the mud of caverns, I gave 

 an account in 1832 of the investigations made by MM. Tournal 

 and Christol in the South of France.* 



M. Tournal stated in his memoir, that in the cavern of 

 Bize, in the department of the Aude, he had found human 

 bones and teeth, together with fragments of rude pottery, in 



* 1st ed., vol. ii. ch. xiv., 1832; and 9th ed., p. 738, 1853. 



