CHAP. T. NEANDERTHAL SKULL. 83 



extreme breadth, but only measures 3.4 inches from the glabello- 

 occipital line to the vertex. The longitudinal arc, measured as 

 above, is 12 inches ; the transverse arc cannot be exactly ascer- 

 tained, in consequence of the absence of the temporal bones, but 

 was probably about the same, and certainly exceeded IO4 inches. 

 The horizontal circumference is 23 inches. This great circum- 

 ference arises largely from the vast development of the super- 

 ciliary ridges, which are occui^ied by great frontal sinuses whose 

 inferior apertures are displayed exceedingly well in one of Dr. 



Fig. 4. 



Euro}>ean. 



^"^ ]\[eanderthal. ^n»^ 



Chimpanzee. 



Outline of the skull of an adult Chimpanzee, of that from the Neanderthal, 

 and of that of a European, drawn to the same absolute size, in order better to 

 exhibit their relative differences. The superciliary region of the Neanderthal 

 skull appears less prominent than in fig. 3, as the contours are all taken along 

 the middle line where the superciliary projection of the Neanderthal skull is 

 least marked. 



a The glabella. 



h The occipital protuberance, or the point on the exterior of each skull 

 which corresponds roughly with the attachment of the tentorium, 

 or with the inferior boundary of the posterior cerebral lobes. 



Fuhlrott's photographs, and form a continuous transverse prominence, 

 somewhat excavated in the middle line, across the lower part of the 

 brows. In consequence of this structure, the forehead appears still 

 lower and more retreating than it really is. To an anatomical eye 

 the posterior part of the skull is even more striking than the an- 

 terior. The occipital protuberance occupies the extreme posterior 



