CHAP. V. HUMAN AND SIMIAN BRAINS. 91 



more receding forehead, more prominent superciliary ridges, 

 and more largely developed prominences and farrows for 

 the attachment of muscles; the face also, and its lines, are 

 larger proportionally. The brain is somewhat less voluminous 

 on the average in the lower races of mankind, its convolu- 

 tions rather less complicated, and those of the two hemi- 

 spheres more symmetrical, in all which points an approach 

 is made to the simian type. It will also be seen, by reference 

 to the late Dr. Morton's works, and by the foregoing state- 

 ments of Professor Huxley, that the range of capacity between 

 the highest and lowest human brain is far greater than that 

 between the highest simian and lowest human brain ; but 

 the Neanderthal skull, although in several respects it is more 

 ape-like than any human skull previously discovered, is, in 

 regard to capacity, by no means contemptible. 



Eminent anatomists have shown that in the average pro- 

 portions of some of the bones the Negro differs from the 

 European, and that in most of these characters he makes a 

 slightly nearer approach to the anthropoid quadrumanaj* 

 but Professor Schaaffhausen has pointed out that in these 



*"The inferior races of mankind relatively, a little longer; the foot is 



exhibit proportions which are in many an eighth, and the hand a twelfth, 



respects intermediate between the longer than in the European. It is 



higher, or European, orders, and the well known that the foot is less well 



monkeys. In the Negro, for instance, formed in the Negro than in the 



the stature is less than in the Euro- European. The arch of the instep, 



pean. The cranium, as is well known, the perfect conformation of which is 



bears a small proportion to the face. essential to steadiness and ease of 



Of the extremities the upper are pro- gait, is less elevated in the former 



portionately longer, and there is, in than in the latter. The foot is 



both upper and lower, a less marked thereby rendered flatter as well as 



preponderance of the proximal over the longer, more nearly resembling the 



distal segments. For instance, in the monkey's, between which and the 



Negro, the thigh and arm are rather European there is a marked diifer- 



shorter than in the European ; the leg enoe in this particular." — From "A 



is actually of equal length in both Treatise on the Human Skeleton," by 



races, and is therefore, relatively, a Dr. Humjihri/, Lecturer on Surgery and 



little longer in the Negro ; the fore-arm Anatoiny in the Cambridge University 



in the latter is actually, as well as 3Iedical School, p. 91. 



