172 OSSIFEROUS CAVES IN SOUTH WALES. CHAP. x. 



topography of the district since the time of the extinct 

 quadrupeds. I was not aware at the time that flint tools 

 had been met with in the same bone-deposit. 



Caves of Gower in Glamorganshire, South Wales. 



The ossiferous caves of the peninsuhi of Gower in Gla- 

 morganshire have been diligently explored of late years by 

 Dr. Falconer and Lieutenant-Colonel E. E. "Wood, the latter 

 of whom has discovered and thoroughly investigated the con- 

 tents of many which were previously unknown. Among 

 their contents have been found the remains of almost every 

 quadruped elsewhere found fossil in British caves : in some 

 places the Elephas primigenius, accompanied by its usual 

 companion the Rhinoceros tichorhinus, in others Elephas 

 antiquus associated with Rhinoceros hemitoechus Falconer; 

 the extinct animals being often imbedded, as in the Belgian 

 caves, in the same matrix with species now living in Europe, 

 such as the common badger {Meles Taxus), the common wolf, 

 and the fox. 



In a cavernous fissure called the Eaven's Cliff, teeth of 

 several individuals of Hippopotamus major, both young and 

 old, were found ; and this in a district where there is now 

 scarce a rill of running water, much less a river in which 

 such quadrupeds could SAvim. In one of the caves, called 

 Spritsail Tor, both of the elephants above named were ob- 

 served, with a great many other quadrupeds of recent and 

 extinct species. 



From one fissure, called Bosco's Den, no less than one thou- 

 sand antlers of the reindeer, chiefly of the variety called 

 Cervus Guettardi, were extracted by the persevering exertions 

 of Colonel Wood, who estimated that several hundred more 

 still remained in the bone-earth of the same rent. 



They were mostly shed horns, and of young animals; and 



