CHAP. XII. OF NORFOLK CLIFFS. 219 



late Ml'. Trimmei', the glacial drift in the cliffs at Lowestoff 

 consists of two divisions, the lower of which abounds in the 

 Scandinavian blocks, supposed to have come from the north- 

 east; while the upper, probably brought by a current frorn 

 the northwest, contains chiefly fragments of oolitic rocks, 

 more rolled than those of the lower deposit. The united 

 thickness of the two divisions, without reckoning some inter- 

 posed laminated beds, is eighty feet, but it probably exceeds 

 one hundred feet near Happisburgh.* Although these sub- 

 divisions of the drift may be only of local importance, they 

 help to show the changes of currents and other conditions, 

 and the great lapse of time which the accumulation of so 

 varied a series of deposits must have required. 



The lowest part of the glacial till, resting on the laminated 

 clays before mentioned, is very even and regular, while its 

 ui)per surface is remarkable for the unevenness of its outline, 

 owing partly, in all likelihood, to denudation, but still more 

 to other causes presentl}' to be discussed. 



The overlying strata of sand and gravel, 'No. 5, p. 213, often 

 display a most singular derangement in their stratification, 

 which in many places seems to have a very intimate relation 

 to the irregularities of outline in the subjacent till. There 

 are some cases, however, where the upper strata are much 

 bent, while the lower beds of the same series have continued 

 horizontal. Thus the annexed section (fig. 29) represents a 

 cliff about fifty feet high, at the bottom of which is till, or 

 unstratified clay, containing boulders, having an even hori- 

 zontal surface, on which repose conformably beds of lami- 

 nated clay and sand about five feet thick, which, in their 

 turn, are succeeded by vertical, bent, and contorted layers 

 of sand and loam twenty feet thick, the whole being covered 

 by flint gravel. The curves of the variously colored beds of 



* Quarterly Geological Journal, vol. vii. p. 21. 



