CHAP. XIII. THE GLACIAL PERIOD. 229 



CHAPTER XIII. 



CHRONOLOGICAL RELATIONS OF THE GLACIAL PERIOD AND THE 

 EARLIEST SIGNS OF MAN'S APPEARANCE IN EUROPE. 



CHRONOLOGICAL RELATIONS OF THE CLOSE OF THE GLACIAL PERIOD 

 AND THE EARLIEST GEOLOGICAL SIGNS OF THE APPEARANCE OF MAN 

 ■ — EFFECTS OF GLACIERS AND ICEBERGS IN POLISHING AND SCORING 



KOCKS SCANDINAVIA ONCE INCRUSTED WITH ICE LIKE GREENLAND 



OUTWARD MOVEMENT OF CONTINENTAL ICE IN GREENLAND JIILD 



CLIMATE OF GREENLAND IN THE MIOCENE PERIOD ERRATICS OF 



RECENT PERIOD IN SWEDEN — GLACIAL STATE OF SWEDEN IN THE POST- 

 PLIOCENE PERIOD SCOTLAND FORMERLY INCRUSTED WITH ICE ITS 



SUBSEQUENT SUBMERGENCE AND RE-ELEVATION LATEST CHANGES 



PRODUCED BY GLACIERS IN SCOTLAND REMAINS OF THE MAMMOTH 



AND REINDEER IN SCOTCH BOULDER CLAY' PARALLEL ROADS OF GLEN 



ROY FORMED IN GLACIER LAKES — COMPARATIVELY MODERN DATE OF 

 THESE SHELVES. 



fT^HE chronological relations of the human and glacial pe- 

 -■- riods were frequently alluded to in the last chapter, and 

 the sections obtained near Bedford (p. 164), and at Hoxne, 

 in Suffolk (p. 168), and a general view of the Norfolk cliffs, 

 have taught us that the earliest signs of man's appearance in 

 the British Isles, hitherto detected, are of post-glacial date, 

 in the sense of being posterior to the grand submergence of 

 England beneath the w^aters of the glacial sea. But long 

 after that pei*iod, when nearly the whole of England north of 

 the Thames and Bristol Channel lay submerged for ages, the 

 bottom of the sea, loaded with mud and stones melted out of 

 floating ice, was upheaved, and glaciers filled for a second 

 time the valleys of many mountainous regions. We may now 

 therefore inquire whether the peopling of Europe by the 

 human race and by the mammoth and other mammalia 



