CHAP. XXI. INDEPENDENT CREATION. 423 



for example, in Australia, new sloths and armadillos in South 

 America, new heaths at the Cape, new roses in the northern 

 and new camellias in the southern hemisphere. But to this 

 line of argument Mr. Darwin and Dr. Hooker reply, that 

 when animals or plants migrate into new countries, whether 

 assisted by man, or without his aid, the most successful 

 colonizers appertain by no means to those types which are 

 most allied to the old indigenous species. On the contrary, 

 it more frequently happens that members of genera, orders, 

 or even classes, distinct and foreign to the invaded country, 

 make their way most rapidly, and become dominant at the 

 expense of the endemic species. Such is the case with the 

 placental quadrupeds in Australia, and with horses and many 

 foreign plants in the pampas of South America, and number- 

 less instances in the United States and elsewhere, which 

 might easily be enumerated. Hence, the transmutationists 

 infer that the reason why these foreign types, so peculiarly 

 fitted for these regions, have never before been developed 

 there, is simply that they were excluded by natural barriers. 

 But these barriers of sea, or desert, or mountain, could never 

 have been of the least avail, had the creative foi'ce acted 

 independently of material laws, or had it not pleased the 

 Author of Nature that the origin of new species should be 

 govei'ned by some secondary causes analogous to those which 

 we see preside over the appearance ofnew varieties, which 

 never appear except as the offspring of a parent stock very 

 closely resembling them. 



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