CHAP. XXIV. COMMON TO MAN AND THE APES. 479 



as affording in the mammalia the most trustworthy indica- 

 tions of affinity, namely, the dentition. 



" The number of teeth in the Gorilla and all the Old World 

 monkej^'S except the lemurs is thirty-two, the same as in Man, 

 and the general pattern of their ci'owns the same. But, 

 besides other distinctions, the canines in all but Man project 

 in the upper or lower jaws almost like tusks. But all the 

 American apes have four more teeth in their permanent set, 

 or thirty-eight in all, so that they differ in this respect more 

 from the Old World apes than do these last from Man." 



If therefore, by reference to this character, we place Man 

 in a separate order, we must make several orders for the apes, 

 monkeys, and lemurs, and so, in regard to the structure of the 

 hands and feet before alluded to, "the Gorilla differs far more 

 from some of the quadrumana than he differs from Man." 

 Indeed, Professor Huxley contends that there is more differ- 

 ence between the hand and foot of the Gorilla and those of 

 the Orang, one of the anthropomorphous apes, than between 

 those of the Gorilla and Man, for "the thumb of the Orancr 

 differs by its shortness and by the absence of any special long 

 flexor muscle from that of the Gorilla more than it differs 

 from that of Man. The carpus also of the Orang, like that 

 of most lower apes, contains nine bones; while in the Gorilla, 

 as in Man and the Chimpanzee, there are only eight." Other 

 characters are also given to show that the Orang' s foot sepa- 

 rates it more widely from the Gorilla than that of the Gorilla 

 separates that ape from Man. In some of the lower apes, the 

 divergence from the human tjqie of hand and foot, as well as 

 from those of the Gorilla, is still greater, as, for example, in 

 the spider-monkey and marmoset.* 



If the muscles, viscera, or any other part of the animal 

 fabric, including the brain, be compared, the results are de- 

 clared to be similai'. 



* Huxley, ibid. p. 29. 



