484 STRUCTUiU: of brain CHAI». xxiv. 



The selection of the last-mentioned figure was most unfor- 

 tunate; for three years before, M. Gratiolet, the highest 

 authority in cerebral anatomy of our age, had, in his sj)lendid 

 work on " The Convolutions of the Brain in Man and the 

 Primates" (Paris, 1854), pointed out that, though this 

 engraving faithfully expressed the cerebral foldings as seen 

 on the surface, it gave a very false idea of the relative 

 l^osition of the several parts of the brain, which, as very 

 commonly happens in such preparations, had shrunk and 

 greatly sunk down by their own weight.* 



Anticipating the serious mistakes which would arise from 

 this inaccurate representation of the brain of the ape, pub- 

 lished under the auspices of men so deserving of trust as the 

 two above-named Dutch anatomists, M. Gratiolet thought it 

 expedient, by way of warning to his readers, to repeat their in- 

 correct figures (figs. 54 and 55, p. 482), and to place by the side 

 of them two correct views (57, p. 488, and 56, p. 482) of the 

 brain of the same ape. By reference to these illustrations, 

 as well as to fig. 58, p. 483, the reader will see not only the 

 contrast of the relative position of the cerebrum and cere- 

 bellum, as delineated in the natural as well as in the distorted 

 state, but also the remarkable general correspondence be- 

 tween the chimpanzee brain and that of the human subject 

 in every thing save in size. The human brain (fig. 58) here 

 given by Gratiolet is that of an African bushwoman, called 

 the Hottentot Yenus, who was exhibited formerly in London, 

 and who died in Paris. 



Ecspecting this striking analogy of cerebral structure in 

 Man and the apes, Gratiolet says, in the work above cited, 

 " The convoluted brain of Man and the smooth brain of the 



* Gratiolct's words are, " Les plis profondement aflFaiss, aussiS la forme 



c6r6braux du chimpanz6 y sont fort goiidnilo du cerveau est-elle rendue, 



bien C'tudicsj malheureusemcnt le cor- dans Icurs planches, d'uue maniere 



veau qui Icur a servi de modele etait tout-u-fait fausse." Ibid. p. 18. 



