CHAP. XXIV. MAN A DISTINCT KINGDOM. 495 



great faculties which confer on Man his immeasurable supe- 

 riority above all other animate things are traceable far down 

 into the animate world. The dog, the cat, and the parrot 

 return love for our love and hatred for our hatred. They are 

 capable of shame and of sorrow, and, though they may have 

 no logic nor conscious ratiocination, no one who has watched 

 their ways can doubt that they possess that j)0wer of rational 

 cerebration which evolves reasonable acts from the premises 

 furnished by the senses, — a process which takes fully as large 

 a share as conscious reason in human activity.* 



Grounds for referring Man to a distinct Kingdom of 

 Nature. 



None of the authors above cited, while they admit so fully 

 the analogy which exists between the faculties of Man and 

 the inferior animals, are disposed to underrate the enormous 

 gap which separates Man from the brutes, and, if they 

 scarcely allow him to be referable to a distinct order, and 

 much less to a separate sub-class, on purely physical grounds, 

 it does not follow that they would object to the reasoning of 

 M. Quatrefages, who says, in his work on the Unity of the 

 Human Species, that Man must form a kingdom by himself 

 if once we permit his moral and intellectual endowments to 

 have their due weight in classification. 



As to his organization, he observes, ''We find in the 

 mammalia nearly absolute identity of anatomical structure, 

 bone for bone, muscle for muscle, nerve for nerve, — 

 similar organs performing like functions. It is not by a 

 vertical position on his feet, the os sublime of Ovid, which 

 he shares with the penguin, nor by his mental faculties, 

 which, though more developed, are fundamentally the same 



* Natural History Review, No. 1, p. 68, January, 1861. 



