OF HORSEMANSHIP. 14^ 



of which none can partake, unleis he firft has bathed, 

 and put on a clean Hiin. 



The Kalmuck horfes are never Ihod, nor does it appear 

 that fliOes are neceflary, the cUmate being very dry, 

 and the ground generally firm and hard -, the hoof 

 likewife is fo folid and indurated, that nothing can 

 hurt it. As the Kalmucks never ufe flioes, who are 

 next in fltuation and connexion with the Ruffians, 

 neither do the more bai'barous and remote nations ; 

 inafmuch as that they would have received the pradlice 

 from the Kalmucks, as the Kalmucks from the RiiJ/ians. 



Ail thefe people, as well as the Turks, and other 

 Eaftern nations, have folid Horfe-Jhoes, which cover the 

 whole fole of the foot, and not the margin only, like 

 the European flioes : the Ruffians ufe this fort of flioe 

 fometimes, but feldom. 



The Stirrups of the Tartars, and other Eailern people, 

 are hung very fhort, and very broad at the bottom 

 where the foot flands, exactly like the Turkifj flirrup 

 already defcribed. 



The Tartars of the Krlm never undertake an excur- 

 fion, without allowing three horfes to one rider. 

 Many ancient nations obfei-ved the fame method ; and 

 the ancient Gauls had a body of horfe called Trimarkijla^ 

 named thus becaufe each foldier had three horfes at- 

 tending him, fo that when one was either killed in 

 battle, or overcome by fatigue, he might immediately 

 mount another *. , In 



* Vid. Gmelin's Voyage to Siberia. Vid. Muller's Hlft. CoL 



Ritchkof 's Topograph, of the the Orenburgh Govern. Philofophical 



Vol. I. 'U Tranfad. 



