DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 



VJl 



Different Kiiids of Shoes, &c. 



1 . Concave seated shoe, p. 393. 



2. Under surface of do. 



3. Seated shoe, p. 396. 



4. Racing shoe, p. 397. 



5. Hunting shoe, p. 397. 



C. Patent safety shoe, p. 400. 



7. Water boot, p. 400. 



8. Rope boot, p. 401. 



S. Horizontal view of the patent safety shoe, re- 

 presenting the position and inclination from 

 the outward to the inward edge, on the foot- 

 side of the heels. 



10. Horizontal view of the same shoe taken from 

 the toe. 



11. Bottom of a water boot 



12. A speedy-cut boot. 



PLATE XII. 



Fig. 1. Patten shoe. 



2. Screw shoe. 



3. Frost shoe ^rith movable roughs. 



4. Bar shoe, the foot side, showing the bar 



raised. 



6. Road shoe with movable toe-piece, p. 5. 



7. Plain bai- shoe, the foot side. 



8. German horse-naU. 



9. English countersink horse naiL 



10. Nail with a countersink head, adapted to 

 the concave-seated shoe. 



11. Fine head nail, suitable for the safety, or 

 any other shoe with similar holes. 



12. Common English liorse-naiL 



13. French horse nail. 



14. Improved turning hammer. 



15. Large drawing knife for paring the sole. 



16. The buttress. 



17. Drawing knife used for frog. 



18. Small searching knife for frog. 



19. Common turning hammer. 



PLATE XIII. 



Fig. 1. Internal Structure of the Ear of the 

 Horse. 



a. The meatus extemus, or outer passage. 



b. The membrane of the tympanum. 



c. The hammer of the ear. 



d. The anvil. 



( . The orbicular, or round bone. 



f. The stapes or stirrup bone, resting on the mere - 



brane which covers the oval tendon, and 

 which conducts to the labjTinth of the ear. 



g. One of the muscles of the tympanum, attached 



to the stirrap bone. 



h. Vestibule, or hall of the ear. 



i, i, i. The semickcular canals. 



k. Openings into the canals. 



1. The tjinpanum or drum of the ear. 



m. The cochlea, or shell-like portion of the laby- 

 rinth. 



n. The internal passage, through which the soft 

 portion of the seventh pair of nerves enters, 

 and which is the auditory nerve, or nerve of 

 hearing, and is spread over the cochlea and 

 vestibule. 



o. The eustachian tube, or communication be- 

 tween the tympanum and the mouth. 



p. The cord, or nerve of the ear, which is a 

 branch of the hard portion of the seventh 

 pair of nerves, united to a portion of the tifth 

 pair, runnmg across the tympanum, and ra- 

 mifying on it and on the membrane. 



q. The exit of the hard pdition from the tempo- 

 ral bone, to spread over the face. 



Fig. 2. The Occipital Bone. 



a. Point of the bone. 



b. Spine running down the centre of the bone, 



and a large roughened surface, for the at- 

 tachment of large and powerful muscles, 

 which turn the head in various directions, 

 and assist in raising it when depressed. 



c, c. The places where these strong muscles are 



inserted. 



d, d. Two rounded protuberances, by which the 



head is connected with the atlas bone, which 

 is the upper or first vertebra of the neck, and 

 these protuberances are called the condyloid, 

 or cup-shaped processes of the occipital bone. 

 All the motions of the head are partly, and 

 most of them wholly performed by this 

 joint. 



e. A large hollow called tha foramen magmim, 



or great aperture through which the con- 

 tinuation of the brain, called the spinal cord, 

 or marrow, passes out of the skull. 



f, f. These two projections are an additional con- 



trivance for the support of the great weight 

 of the head ; and are peculiar to those ani- 

 mals whose heads are set on in a slanting 

 flirection, and into which very powerful 

 muscles ai-e inserted. These are termed the 

 beak -like projections of the occipital bone. 



Fig. 3. The Cells of the Cseeum or Blind Gut. 



Fig. 4. The Compound Stomach of a ruminat- 

 ing animal, y\z., the ox, sheep, &c., or thoae 

 animals which chew the cud. 



a, b. Two probes to indicate the course of the 

 food before and after rumuiation. 



d. The paunch, which is of a large size, and oc- 



cupies a large portion of the belly. It is in 

 this that the food is received when first 

 swallowed. 

 c. The second stomach : its inner surface is co- 

 vered with numerous pentagonal cells. 



e. The psalter ium, or third stomach, 



f. The ahomasus, or fourth stomach. 



g. The pyloris, where the foiu-th stomach ceif- 



minates. 



PLATE XIV. 



ne?.d of a Sheep, exhibiting the Bleeding 

 Vein, &c. 



Fig. 1. Seep. 586. 



a. The vein which proceeds from below the un- 

 der jaw, at b, and its branches spread on 

 the soft part of the cheek, from this point. 



c. A small nerve runs in an opposite direction 



from this point and crosses over the vein. 



d. A thin muscle beneath which the vein passes. 



Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, exhibiting the teeth of 

 the sheep from one to six years old. 



8. A worm called pentastoma found in tlia 

 frontal sinus of a sheep, p. 563. 



9. The head magnified. 



10. A cross section, showing the intestines. 



11. The point of the taU magnified. 



