SIDE VIEW OF THE CRANIUM. 193 



strongly manifest the breed or bloods of a horse. Those 

 which are high-bred have a broad angular forehead, with the 

 face gradually tapering from the brow to the muzzle, as 

 represented in this figure. The cranium of the dray or cart- 

 horse is nearly as wide below as above. It is the full and 

 largely developed forehead which gives to the blood-horse 

 that fiery and intelligent expression. 

 /, /. The zygomatic arch. 



g, g. The super-orbital foraminse, or holes above the orbit for the 

 passage of the nerves and blood-vessels which supply the 

 forehead. The small hole beneath receives vessels which 

 penetrate into and supply the bone. In some craniums 

 there are several such holes. 

 hy h. The lachrymal, or tear-bones. 

 i, i. The orbits which contain and defend the eye. 

 j, j. The malar or cheek-bones. 

 k, k. The nasal-bones, or bones of the nose. 

 Ij L The suiDcrior maxillary, or that portion of the upper jaw 



containing the molar teeth or grinders. 

 niy m. The infra-orbital foraminas, or holes below the orbits, through 

 which pass branches of nerves and blood-vessels to supply 

 the lower portion of the face. 

 tiy n. The openings into the nose, with the bones forming the roof 



of the palate. 

 o, o. The inferior maxillary, the lower portion of the jaw-bone, 

 which is a separate bone in quadrupeds, containing the inci- 

 sors or cutting teeth and the upper tushes at the point of 

 union between the superior and inferior maxillaries. 

 jp, p. The upper incisors, or cutting teeth, or, as they are otherwise 

 called, the nippers, a term which we limit to the two central ones 

 above and below ; the one next to these, on each side, are called 

 the dividers, and the innermost ones on both sides are termed the 

 corner incisors. There are in all twelve incisors in the head 

 of a horse, viz., six in the upper, and six in the under jaw. 



SIDE VIEW OF THE CRANIUM. 



PLATE VIII. Fig. 2. 



h. The parietal bone. 



2c 



