220 MANUAL OF MODERN FARRIERY. 



the mark on the inside long and irregular. (See plate iv. 

 fig. 7.) The other nippers will exhibit considerable indica- 

 tions of wearing, the tushes be much grown, and the grooves 

 on the sides will have nearly or quite disappeared, present- 

 ing an almost regular convex surface. They are still, 

 however, as concave within, and with their edges nearly as 

 sharp as they were six months previously. The sixth molar 

 tooth will have attained its complete height, and the third 

 molar will be wanting. This last sign can never be mis- 

 taken, and if a dealer has removed it, such is the force 

 required to displace it, that evident marks of violence 

 will remain. The three last grinders and tushes are never 

 shed. 



When the animal has attained its sixth year, the mark 

 on the central incisors, or nippers, will be completely worn 

 off, leaving, however, a little difference of colour in the centre 

 of the teeth. The cement which fills the hole produced by 

 the dipping in of the enamel will be somewhat browner 

 than that of other portions of the tooth, and will exhibit 

 evident proofs of the edge being surrounded by enamel. 

 This condition has perplexed the inexperienced, as many 

 expect to find the surface of the tooth plain, and of a 

 uniform colour, whereas they are both irregular and dis- 

 coloured, as we have above described, (see plate iv. fig. 8.) 



In the second incisors the mark is shorter, broader, and 

 more faint, with the enamel of the edges of the corner teeth 

 more regular, while the surface gives sufficient evidence of 

 wear. The tushes will have attained their full size, being 

 fully an inch long, convex outwardly, and a little concave 

 inwardly, accuminated towards the point, and slightly in- 

 curved at the apex. The third grinder will be fully up, and 

 all of them presenting a level surface ; so that the mouth is 

 now perfect. 



