232 WAXUAL OF MODERN FAHRIERY. 



years o. age is taken, and, by the aid of an engraving 

 tool, a hole is dug in the surface of the corner teeth to 

 imitate that in a horse of seven years of age. The whole 

 is then burned with heated iron, until it leaves a permanent 

 black stain. This is sometimes extended to the dividers, in 

 a slight degree. But upon a narrow inspection this trick 

 will be detected. The irregular appearance of the cavity, 

 the diffusion of the black stain around the tushes, the 

 sharpened edges and concave inner surface can never be 

 successfully imitated so as to deceive the experienced. 

 Besides, if the incisors of the upper jaw be examined, they 

 will aid the most ignorant in detecting the imposition. 



CHAPTER IX. 



PRINCIPAL MUSCLES OF THE LIMBS, &C. 



We do not consider it necessary for the general reader to be 

 acquainted with the entire muscles of the horse, although a 

 knowledge of such as are more immediately called into 

 active operation will aid him in discovering the seat of 

 sprains and bruises, and to administer for their relief, in the 

 absence of a regular practitioner. 



MUSCLES OF THE OUTSIDE OF THE SHOULDER. 



PLATE VI. Fig. 1. 



a. A portion of the sterno-maxillarisj or muscle which is com- 

 mon to, and connected with, the lower jaw, as well as the fore 

 part of the chest. This is one of the muscles employed in 

 lowering the head. It lies immediately under the skin, and 



