THE INTESTINES. 287 



h. Part of the rectum. 

 i, i. The diaphragm. 



k The bladder, distended with urine to show its dimensions and 



form. 

 I. The gall-duct. 



m The duodenum takes its rise from the right extremity of the 

 stomach — being the first of the small intestines — and soon 

 after forms a curvature around the head of the pancreas, 

 having the liver above and the great arch of the colon below it. 

 When it reaches the concave part of the liver, it makes a 

 sudden turn backward, and becomes attached to the right 

 kidney ; then crosses the spine, between the roots of the me- 

 sentery and mesocolon and left side, where it assumes the 

 name of jejunum. The duodenum receives the food which 

 has been converted into chyme by the digestive power of the 

 stomach, and in this gut is converted into chyle. It is mixed 

 with the bile and the secretion from the pancreas, which enter 

 into this intestine about five inches down from its orgin. The 

 bile appears to be the principal agent in this change, for no 

 sooner does it enter into combination with the chyme, than the 

 fluid begins to separate into two distinct ingredients, namely, 

 the thick white liquid termed chyle — which is the nutritive 

 portion of the food — and a yellow pulpy substance, which 

 becomes excrement. A more perfect separation of these sub- 

 stances takes place further on in the intestines, the chyle is 

 sucked up by the mouths of the numerous small vessels called 

 the lacteals, leaving the excrement alone. 



The next part of the small intestine which follows the 

 duodenum is the jejunum, through which the food passes 

 with great rapidity, for it is generally found quite empty in 

 the dead subject. It is paler in colour and less in calibre, 

 and also much longer than the duodenum, 



The next intestine is the ileum, which is the longest of 

 all the intestines, and forms the greater part of the convo- 

 luted tube, which lies chiefly in the umbilical region. The 

 small intestines altogether will contain about eleven gallons 

 of fluid. 



