WORMS. 6:35 



and three species of tape- worm, viz., the twnia caliniformis, 

 serrata, and the cucurhitina. 



Without entering into the question of the formation of 

 worms in the intestines of animals, I shall simply describe 

 those known to inhabit dogs, with the medical treatment 

 for each. 



It may be noticed, in passing, however, that there are se- 

 veral causes which contribute to the production of worms. 

 Among them are, damp and ill-aired sleeping-places, and 

 food which is too nutritive, having thereby the effect of 

 rendering the chyle too rich. Hence, worms are more com- 

 mon with dogs which are petted and over-fed, than those 

 which are nourished upon a more simple diet. When the 

 digestive organs are weakened, it contributes greatly to the 

 generation of worms. Another and very powerful cause 

 arises from the food of dogs being frequently made without 

 salt, a condiment which is essentially necessary to all 

 graminivorous animals, not only as a stimulant, but also as a 

 vermifuge. The use of salt has, indeed, of late proved 

 most beneficial in feeding cattle and sheep, and is in conse- 

 quence much used by agriculturists. When the animals, 

 in particular, lead an inactive life, it proves an excellent 

 and necessary stimulant. 



The Canine Maw-worm. — This species is extremely small, 

 being only about half-an-inch in length, with the head end- 

 ing in a very acute point, and having the tail slightly flatten- 

 ed, and lobed on each side. Its general colour is yellowish- 

 white. These worms are found sometimes in great numbers 

 in the lower intestines of dogs, and are known to have 

 ascended through the whole intestinal canal, and even 

 found their w^ay into the stomach ; in which case they 

 induce vomiting, great nausea, and loathing of food. 



The Marginated Round-worm. — This animal has all the 



