636 MANUAL OF MODERN FARRIERY. 



appearance of the common earth-worm, but seldom grows 

 larger than from three to four inches : it is of a pale skin- 

 colour, or yellowish-white. The head is provided with a 

 kind of hood, and is situated at the narrow end of the 

 worm. This worm generally takes its lodgment in the con- 

 volutions of the small intestines, although it frequently 

 ascends even into the stomach, and produces violent irrita- 

 tion. It is often found in vast numbers in a single dog. 



The Chain-shaped Tape-worm. — This worm is also very 

 common in the intestines of the dog. It is a long animal, 

 frequently exceeding nine feet in length ; and consists of a 

 number of fiat, oblong-oval articulations, or joints, each fur- 

 nished with an orifice, or opening, at its margin, on the 

 opposite side in every alternate articulation : the head is on 

 the smaller end of the worm, and is extremely minute. This 

 species is of a cream-coloured white. 



The serrated Tape-worm. — The length of this worm is 

 about twenty inches, with numerous rectangular articula- 

 tions, the hinder ones becoming gradually broader and 

 shorter. They are striated, or with fine, thread-like lines on 

 the rings, and each margin is serrated or toothed, like a saw : 

 the head is small, and the colour of the worm dirty white, 

 or pale brown. 



The Gourd Tape-worm. — This worm strongly resembles 

 the common tape- worm of the human body, but thicker ; 

 the joints are all square, and equal, with alternate apertures 

 on the sides. They are broad towards the tail, and sur- 

 rounded with a turned margin ; the colour is of a yellowish 

 white, and opaque. They are not numerous, but a dozen 

 have been evacuated by one dog. 



Symptoms. — The dog, under the influence of worms, be- 

 comes thin and even emaciated ; is dull and stupid ; his 

 eyes are heavy, and his nose swelled and dry. He continu- 



