CADIS, CAD-BAIT, OR CASE-WORMS. 865 



within well tunnelled, and have a tough, hard paste, into 

 which the hinder part of the maggot is so fixed, that its cell 

 can be drawn after it, without danger of leaving it behind ; 

 and it can also thrust out its body to reach the needful sup- 

 plies, or withdraw into its covering for protection and safety. 



The Cock-spur Cadis. — This bait has a strong similitude 

 to a cock's spur, and hence its name. Its case is nicely mc;de 

 of small husks, gravel, and slime ; and it is considerably less 

 than the paper cadis. This is very common, and is found in 

 many of the rivers in Surrey, and, indeed, in most others 

 throughout Great Britain. 



The Ruff- COAT is a cadis enclosed in a husk about an 

 inch long, surrounded by bits of stone, &c., of nearly equal 

 size and curiously compacted together, like mosaic work. 

 The fly which emanates from this larva is of a large size, and 

 is called in the north of England, the large light-hrowriy 

 being of a cinnamon colour. (Plate xv. figs. 13 and 18, are 

 sheaths of ruff-coats, and fig. 1 6 the perfect insect.) 



The cadis flies are of several different kinds, and are plen- 

 tifully diffused in almost every situation, such as pits, ponds^ 

 ditches, slow running rivers, among weeds in standing 

 waters, among stones in the water, and particularly under 

 them. All these are the larvs9 of certain insects, and in this 

 condition feed until they have arrived at their full size : they 

 cannot exist for any length of time without nutriment. 

 They should be kept in pans perforated with holes, and a 

 regular supply of river or ditch water should be given to 

 them every twenty-four hours. 



In angling with cadis, the line, when all out, should be as 

 long as the rod, for three lengths next the hook, of single 

 hairs, with the smallest float, and the least weight of lead, 

 that the swiftness of the stream will allow to sink, and that 

 may be aided by avoiding the violence of the current, and 



