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Bones are applicable to all soils, and are 

 persistent in their action through four or five 

 years. The scraps, from the bone turners and 

 button makers, are mostly absorbed in the 

 manufacture of animal black. The turnings 

 only are used in agriculture, and for manuring 

 the rich vineyards and olive. On account of 

 its extreme division, its durability does not ex- 

 tend beyond two to four years. 



Boiled bones, which have also been ex- 

 hausted of their gelatin in Papin's digester, 

 are still useful as a manure. These residues, 

 however, act only through one year, and 

 moreover, when thrown into heaps, rapidly 

 ferment and lose a great portion of their ani- 

 mal matter. To preserve them securely, 

 Payen recommends their thorough desiccation 

 and subsequent pulverization. 



Horn Shavings and Clippings. These 

 are also appropriate to all soils. In England, 

 the proportion is thirty bushels per acre. 

 Tendons, hide clippings, hair, feathers, and 

 bone glue residues, are all applicable in the 

 same mode and under the same circumstances 

 as bone and horn turnings. The proper pro- 

 portion per acre can be calculated from their 

 equivalent of nitrogen. 



