114 PHYLUM ENTEROPNEUSTA. 



tively deep water (40 to 120 fms.). It is widely spread, having 

 been recorded from the Norwegian Fiords, off the Lofoten and 

 Shetland Islands, off Tristan d'Acunha, South Australia, the 

 Malay Archipelago, the Azores, Ireland and Brittany. 



The question of the relationship of Phoronis to the Enteropneusta 

 was dealt with on p. 547 of vol. i. of this work. Since that passage was 

 written several memoirs * dealing with the development and structure of 

 the Actinotrocha larva have been published. The upshot of these is to 

 justify the criticism there set forth. To take the points seriatim, the exist- 

 ence of a " neuropore " and " subneural gland " has not been confirmed : 

 on the contrary it has been denied by Ikeda and Goodrich. The relations 

 of the stomach caecum of Actinotrocha have been shown to be not those 

 of a notochord. No evidence is forthcoming to contradict Caldwell's 

 original statement that the cavity in the preoral lobe of Actinotrocha is 

 haemocoelic (so-called primary body cavity of the trochosphere), and not 

 a coelomic sac. It seems fairly clear that nothing comparable to proboscis 

 pores or to collar pores are present. The only new point that has come out 

 in this connexion is that the preseptal body-cavity of the adult is present 

 in the old larva as a horseshoe -shaped cavity which underlies the ring of 

 tentacles and send extensions into them, but the development of this 

 cavity has not been ascertained. Finally, it has been shown that Cald- 

 well was right in his account of the larval excretory organ as a ciliated 

 canal not opening into the body-cavity, but terminating internally in 

 some peculiar cells which recall the so-called flame cells of Platyhelminthes 

 and Annelid larvae, etc. (solenocytes of Goodrich, see vol. 2., pp. 27, 28). 



* Masterman, Q.J.M.S., 43, 1900, p. 375. Ikeda, Journ. Coll Sci. 

 Imp. Univ. Japan, 13, 1900-1, p. 507. Goodrich, Q.J.M.S., 47, 1903, 

 p. 103. Schultz, Z. /. w. Z., 75, 1903, pp. 391, 473. M. de Selys Long- 

 champs, Mem. Classe Sci. Acad. Belgique, i. 1904. 



