HEMIPTERA HOMOPTERA. 697 



hair, inserted beneath eyes. Ocelli usually two. Head sometimes pro- 

 duced into an enormous swelling. Thorax not enlarged. A large and 

 varied family including the so-called Lantern-flies with their curiously 

 enlarged heads. Many excrete a flocculent wax e.g. Cixius British and 

 Phenax. Ityraea ormenis and Pochazia resemble Lepidoptera. Chlorochroa 

 attacks beetroots. Scolops, Heliocoptera, Otiocerus. 



Fam. 3. Membracidae. Bizarre looking insects with the prothorax 

 enlarged and projecting backwards. Antennae inserted in front of eyes. 

 Two ocelli between eyes. A numerous and largely tropical family whose 

 curious pronotal processes cause them in many cases to resemble parts of 



FIG. 441. Fulgora candelaria. xl. China. From Sharp. 



plants. Enchenopa bears a thorn-like projection. Telemona frequents 

 Virginia Creepers, Entilia the leaves of Sun-flowers, Ceresa injures orchards 

 by its mode of oviposition. 



Fam. 4. Cercopidae. Antennae inserted between eyes. Two ocelli. 

 No pronotal projections. Scutellum rhomboidal. This family includes 

 the Cuckoo- or Frog-spits, the late larval stages producing from their 

 rectum a foamy fluid in which they lie concealed. The adults are termed 

 Frog-hoppers and they jump actively. Philaenus is the commonest 

 British genus. Ptyelus a Madagascar genus produces so much fluid that 

 five or six dozen larvae will excrete a quart in an hour and a half. 



Fam. 5. Jassidae. Ocelli two on the front margin of the head. Posterior 

 tibiae spiny. Scutellum triangular. Small or minute insects, usually 

 slender. They frequent low-growing herbage, and are said to injure 

 pasture, e.g. Deltocephalus. Eryihroneura frequents vines, Agalia lives 

 amongst garden produce. The eggs are often laid in grasses. 



The preceding families of Homoptera have 3-segmented tarsi, the suc- 

 ceeding ones have them 2-segmented, except the Coccidae which have 

 but one tarsal segment. 



Fam. 6. Psyllidae. Minute insects with transparent wings. Antennae 

 long, 8- to 10-segmented. Three ocelli. A large family of small forms 

 about the size of plant-lice but in shape more like Cicadas. They frequent 

 plants and jump actively (Fig. 442). They pass through larval and 

 nymph stages which are marked by change of colour and form. In the 

 nymph the large wing-pads stand out horizontally from the sides of the 



