122 PLANT AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 



aqueous liquid was neutral to litmus, portions tested for 

 alkaloids gave negative results; on warming and addition of 

 dilute sulphuric acid, Fehling's solution was reduced, indi- 

 cating possibly glucosides. 



The portion insoluble in water was then treated with abso- 

 lute alcohol. The liquid gave an acid reaction with test paper. 

 A measured part of the liquid was evaporated and the weighed 

 residue showed 1.6 % of solids dissolved. The residue from 

 the evaporated alcoholic liquid was partially dissolved by 

 aqueous alkalies. It readily saponified with alcoholic soda, 

 forming a soft brown soap, which on boiling with lead ace- 

 tate yielded a yellow precipitate. This was collected on a filter 

 and washed. When the precipitate was boiled with absolute 

 ether and the filtrate allowed to evaporate slowly, a white 

 organic crystalline substance separated out. Under the micro- 

 scope, particles of coloring matter were found to be inter- 

 spersed among the crystalline structures. 



The indications would show an acid resin to have been ex- 

 tracted by the ether. 



The ten grams of powdered bark, after exhaustion with 

 petroleum spirit followed by absolute ether, were treated with 

 absolute alcohol. A measured quantity of the alcoholic ex- 

 tract was evaporated in a weighed platinum dish, dried, until 

 weight noted was constant. After incineration the amount 

 of ash was found to be .15 % of the original material. The 

 alcoholic extract, for determination of total amount of organic 

 solids dissolved, was evaporated in a current of carbonic acid, 

 when the residue dried gave 8.6 % and 7.98 % of solids re- 

 spectively. A cloudiness formed on the addition of water to 

 the residue, which cleared up on addition of alkalies. It was 

 restored by acid. The aqueous liquid gave precipitates with 

 calcium and lead salts. It reduced Fehling's solution on add- 

 ing dilute acid, and warming. Negative results followed tests 

 for alkaloids. Treating with two volumes of absolute alcohol, 

 according to DragendorfT, for detection of gum, vegetable 

 mucilage was separated. Tests failed to detect the presence 

 of tannin. 



The residue of the powdered bark, after exhaustion with 



