128 PLANT AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 



spot on blue paper. The extract was evaporated at the ordi- 

 nary temperature. The residue was a solid, and it had the odor 

 and characteristic crystalline structure of fatty acids, suggest- 

 ing the presence of a fixed oil. Its melting-point was taken. 

 The substance melted at 60 C., and on cooling solidified 

 amorphous. To determine the total amount of solids extracted, 

 a definite volume of the extract was evaporated, dried, and 

 weighed. 



TOTAL SOLIDS. 



Petroleum spirit residue dried at 100 C 1.24 per cent, of solids. 



" 110 C -.1.20 



0.04 loss. 



The residue was identified as a fixed oil. It was soluble 

 in petroleum spirit, ether, benzole, chloroform, amyl alcohol, 

 carbon di-sulphide, and cold aqueous alkalies; incompletely 

 soluble in cold or boiling 86 per cent, alcohol, 95 per cent, alco- 

 hol, absolute alcohol, acetic ether, and ammonium hydrate. 

 No change of color was observed on treating the fixed oil 

 with concentrated sulphuric acid, nor on the addition of 

 syrupy phosphoric acid, though it was partially soluble in 

 these acids. Phosphoric acid colored it yellow; it was col- 

 ered yellowish by concentrated hydrochloric acid and nitric 

 acid of 1.22 specific gravity. A mixture of concentrated sul- 

 phuric acid and nitric acid of 1.22 specific gravity changed 

 the color of the fixed oil to a reddish-brown; it was colored 

 pale green by sulphuric acid of 1.634 sp. gr. and of 1.53 sp. 

 gr. Calcium di-sulphide gave a bright green color reaction 

 with the fixed oil, but did not form an emulsion with it; 

 aqueous solutions of gold and platinum chlorides were re- 

 duced by it. The fixed oil was saponified with difficulty by 

 alcoholic soda; but readily by boiling aqueous soda; a white 

 fragile soap was separated and filtered from the liquid. The 

 soap was decomposed by hydrochloric acid and the fatty 

 acids separated. The nitrate from the soap was examined 

 for glycerin. By the method * used, an oily liquid was ob- 



1 Plant Analysis, G. Dragendorff, p. 12. 



