138 PLANT AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 



The ethereal residue was treated with warm water, and on 

 cooling, the liquid was agitated with acetic ether, which was 

 separated, and when evaporated yielded a small quantity of 

 resinous substance. The ethereal residue insoluble in water 

 was treated with boiling ether, and as the liquid concentrated, 

 the white needle-shaped crystals were seen floating in it, but 

 on further concentration they could not be seen, and a yellow 

 greasy-looking mass settled in the bottom of the beaker. On 

 driving off the ether, a transparent and ruby-colored resinous 

 substance remained. The aqueous extract obtained in the 

 way described above gave no coloration with iron salts, and 

 no precipitate with gelatine and alum solution, potassio-mer- 

 curic iodide, or gold chloride solutions. Fehling's solution 

 was not reduced by boiling, though the aqueous extract was 

 boiled with acid, then rendered alkaline before adding the 

 copper test. The preceding tests gave negative results for 

 gallic acid, tannin, alkaloids, and glucosides. A portion of 

 the aqueous extract was acidified and agitated successively 

 with different solvents, for glucosides, bitter principles, and 

 alkaloids which may be removed from solution by this means. 

 The acid liquid was then rendered alkaline with ammonia, 

 and agitated successively with the same order of solvents that 

 were used with the acidified liquid. No solids were separated 

 by these methods. The ethereal residue insoluble in water was 

 treated with alcohol, and yielded traces of a resinous sub- 

 stance. The residue, insoluble in water and alcohol, was not 

 dissolved by ether, acids, or alkalies. 



Yuccal, or the ethereal residue soluble in ether and alcohol, 

 was saponified, and the soap boiled with lead acetate. The 

 yellow masses were collected on a filter and treated with boil- 

 ing ether, and the filtrate was slowly evaporated. The residue 

 was a granular solid. This substance was imperfectly puri- 

 fied by repeated boiling with ether, and a solid of crystalline 

 structure obtained. It gave an acid reaction with litmus, and 

 a red color with concentrated sulphuric acid. The acid dis- 

 solved a substance enclosing the crystals, leaving the struc- 

 ture of the latter uninjured and colored. Strong nitric acid 

 dissolved the crystals with no coloration. They were soluble 



