140 PLANT AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 



extract was neutral in reaction. It was faintly colored and 

 slightly bitter to the taste. It was not colored by ijpn salts or 

 precipitated with alum and gelatine solution, showing absence 

 of gallic acid or tannin. Copper solutions were not reduced, 

 indicating absence of glucosides, though the precaution was 

 observed of boiling the aqueous extract with acid, and rendering 

 alkaline before adding the copper solution. The aqueous ex- 

 tract was agitated with acetic ether and a distinctly crystalline 

 residue separated. Under the miscroscope these crystals were 

 white, needle-shaped, and arranged in bundles. They did not 

 respond to tests for gallic acid. Potash solution formed a 

 yellow mixture with the crystals. The color was discharged 

 by a drop of hydrochloric acid. Chloroform did not dissolve 

 any substance from the ethereal residue. The ethereal residue 

 was treated with acidulated water and tested negatively for 

 alkaloids. 



The ethereal residue insoluble in water was treated with 

 alcohol. The an^unt of substances insoluble in water, and 

 soluble in ether and alcohol, was 0.15 per cent. The alcoholic 

 solution was evaporated, and the residue was crystalline in 

 structure. Concentrated sulphuric acid imperfectly dissolved 

 it, and gave a reddish-yellow color reaction; acetic ether dis- 

 colored the solution. The alcoholic residue was insoluble in 

 acetic ether, cold and boiling aqueous alkalies; soluble in 

 chloroform. It saponified with alcoholic soda. 



The amount of the ethereal residue insoluble in water and 

 alcohol was 0.65 per cent. It was not soluble in alcoholic or 

 aqueous soda. This would indicate a resin anhydride. Con- 

 centrated sulphuric acid gave no color reaction with it; and 

 a mixture of sulphuric acid and cane sugar dissolved the 

 residue. 



The ethereal residue, on treating with cold ether, was not 

 entirely soluble in it. It was soluble in chloroform, benzole, 

 and carbon di-sulphide; incompletely soluble in cold alcohol, 

 and insoluble in amyl alcohol. The ethereal residue was treated 

 with 95 per cent, alcohol, in which it was slightly soluble. A 

 turbidity formed in the alcoholic solution on adding lead ace- 

 tate, ferric chloride, ammonium hydrate, and sulphuric acid; 



