148 PLANT AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 



Extract (2), Wood 0} the Root. 



The residual powder from the ether treatment was dried 

 and macerated with Squibb's stronger alcohol. The alcoholic 

 extract was neutral in reaction; when warm it was a clear 

 reddish-golden colored liquid. On cooling, a creamy-white 

 solid settled at the bottom of the flask. This substance was 

 soluble in water, and was identified as saponin by the usual 

 tests for it. A definite volume of the alcoholic extract was 

 evaporated in a current of carbonic acid, dried, and weighed. 

 The residue was incinerated in a weighed platinum crucible 

 for the ash determination. 



TOTAL SOLIDS. 



Alcoholic residue dried at 100 C 14.3 per cent. 



" no C 14-3 " 



ash oo.i " 



The alcoholic residue was treated with cold water in which 

 it was soluble. A cloudy solution was formed, and on shak- 

 ing, it became frothy, and presented the appearance of an 

 emulsion. It was allowed to stand for several days to see if 

 the resinous matter separated, but the emulsion was perma- 

 nent, as no separation had taken place. The emulsified liquid 

 was agitated with acetic ether, and this solvent readily sepa- 

 rated most of the resin from the aqueous portion. The water 

 extract was then evaporated to dryness and redissolved in 

 water. Gelatine and alum solution did not precipitate the ex- 

 tract, showing absence of tannin; no coloration with iron 

 salts, absence of gallic acid; negative results followed tests for 

 alkaloids; the aqueous extract was boiled with potash and 

 no ammonia fumes were formed; adding gold chloride and 

 potassio-mercuric iodide solutions to the extract gave no pre- 

 cipitate. A measured portion of the aqueous extract was 

 acidified with sulphuric acid, and agitated successively with 

 petroleum spirit, benzole, and chloroform. The solvents were 

 evaporated; petroleum spirit removed o.oi per cent, of a resin- 

 ous substance, imperfectly soluble in cold and boiling aqueous 



