154 PLANT AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 



by the facts collected from a series of experiments with resins 

 and saponin, since I had successfully emulsified resins with 

 aqueous and alcoholic saponin solutions. 1 



By hot alcoholic treatment the yucca yielded a residue of 

 saponin and resin which became emulsified on the addition 

 of water, giving results identical with those of the resins above 

 described. 2 



Extract (4) contained a resin. It was an opaque reddish- 

 yellow colored substance, and it differed, by its reactions, 

 from the many resin classes given in Hirschsohn's scheme. 

 It is proposed to name it pyrophaeal. 3 A resin having the same 

 melting-point, solubilities, physical appearance, and chemical 

 reactions was discovered in the ethereal extract (4). It was 

 identified as the same compound for which the name pyro- 

 phaeal is proposed. 



Tannin, gallic acid, and alkaloids were not detected in ex- 

 tracts (2), (3), and (4). In extract (3) glucose was not found. 



The Solids of the Alcoholic Extracts. 



I. A red coloring matter (crystalline). 

 II. A new resin (yuccal). 4 



III. A second new resin (pyrophaeal). 4 



IV. A mixture of a crystalline resin and a resin anhydride. 

 V. Saponin. 4 



VI. Glucose, and saccharose or other reducible compounds. 

 VII. Ash. 



1 The same kinds of resins were used in these experiments as in those with 

 which I determined the solubility of resins in acetic ether. See foot-note 2, 

 ethereal extract (2). 



2 It was not until a later date following the time of these experiments that 

 I found a reference to saponin-resin emulsion in L'Officine ou Repertoire Gene- 

 ral de Pharmacie Pratique, par Dorvault, huitieme Edition, Paris, 1872, p. 

 81 6. Also refer to examination of the Yucca angustifolia, by H. C. De S. Abbott, 

 published in the Medical and Surgical Reporter, Philadelphia, September 12, 

 1885, p. 301. 



3 "Pyrophaeal," loc. cit. 



4 Science, September n, 1885, p. 210, extract of a paper on " The Chemical 

 Study of Yucca Angustifolia," by H. C. De S. Abbott. 



