162 PLANT AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 



solution for mineral acids. The aqueous extract contained no 

 tannin. Calcium oxalate was determined in it. 



AQUEOUS MACERATION AT A TEMPERATURE OF 50 C. TO 60 C. 



The Bark of the Root (i), the Wood of the Root (2). 



The powder (i) used in the cold water extraction was 

 macerated with distilled water heated between 50 and 60 C. 

 The warm aqueous extract (i) was cooled and mixed with three 

 volumes of stronger alcohol. A precipitate formed; it was dried, 

 weighed, and the percentage estimated. It yielded 0.03 per 

 cent. 1 The precipitate was dissolved in warm water. On evap- 

 orating the nitrate a white residue was obtained. It was 

 stained yellow by iodine. 



The powder (2) from the cold-water treatment was macer- 

 ated in the warm water. The warm aqueous extract (2) was 

 a dark-colored liquid, indicating a coloring- matter. A cer- 

 tain measure of the extract was evaporated, and the solids 

 estimated. It amounted to 4 per cent. The percentage of solids 

 precipitated from the extract by stronger alcohol was 0.25 

 per cent. 



QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF SAPONIN 2 



The two methods of Christophsohn and Otten for the quanti- 

 tative estimation of saponin were adopted. The wood of the 

 root was examined. 



A. Ten grams of the original powder were boiled with dis- 

 tilled water. The saponin was precipitated by baryta-water. 

 After weighing, it was ignited, and the baryta estimated as 

 carbonate, calculated into oxide and deducted from the weight 

 of the saponin-baryta, the difference being the weight of sa- 

 ponin. 



B. The saponin-baryta was decomposed by acid and the 

 weight of the sapogenin was ascertained and calculated to 

 saponin. 



1 Examination for Inulin, page 87, "Plant Analysis," G. Dragendorff. 

 English translation. 



2 Loc. cit., p. 68. 



