THE CARBONIFEROUS FLORA. 



Markings of Stem. Leaf-bases long oval, pointed at ends, en- 

 larging with growth of stem. Leaf-scars central, rhombic, trans- 

 verse. 



Leaves. One-nerved, acutely pointed, from four inches in length 

 on the larger branches to one inch or less on the branchlets. 



Fructification. Cones large, cylindrical or long oval, with large 

 scales of trigonal form, and not elongated but lying close to the sur- 

 face. Borne on lateral, slender branchlets, with short leaves. 



Genus LEPIDOPHLOIOS, Sternberg ; ULODENDRON, L. and H. ; 

 LOMATOPHLOIOS, Corda. 



Lepidophloios. Under this generic name, established by Stern- 

 berg, I include those lycopodiaceous trees of the coal-measures 

 which have thick branches, transversely elongated leaf-scars, each 

 with three vascular points and placed on elevated or scale-like pro- 

 tuberances, long one-nerved leaves, and large lateral strobiles in ver- 

 tical rows or spirally disposed. Their structure resembles that of 

 Lepidodendron, consisting of a Sternbergia pith, a slender axis of 

 large scalariform vessels, giving off from its surface bundles of 

 smaller vessels to the leaves, a very thick cellular bark, and a thin 

 dense outer bark, having some elongated cells or bast-tissue on its 

 inner side. In these trees the exogenous outer cylinder is less de- 

 veloped than in the Lepidodendra, and is sometimes wanting in 

 stems or branches of some thickness. 



Regarding L. laricinum of Sternberg as the type of the genus, 

 and taking in connection with this the species described by Golden- 

 berg, and my own observations on numerous specimens found in 

 Nova Scotia, 1 have no doubt that Lomatophloios crassicaulis of 

 Corda, and other species of that genus described by Goldenberg, 

 Ulodendron and BotJirodendron of Lindley, Lepidodendron ornatis- 

 simum of Brongniart, and Halonia punctata of Geinitz, all belong 

 to this genus, and differ from each other only in conditions of 

 growth and preservation. Several of the species of Lepidostrofous 

 and Lepidophyllum also belong to Lepidophloios. 



The species of Lepidophloios are readily distinguished from 

 Lepidodendron by the form of the areoles, and by the round scars on 

 the stem, which usually mark the insertion of the large strobiles, 

 though in barren stems they may also have produced branches ; still, 

 the fact of my finding the strobiles in situ in one instance, the ac- 

 curate resemblance which the scars bear to those left by the cones of 

 the red pine when borne on thick branches, and the actual impres- 

 sions of the radiating scales in some specimens, leave no doubt in my 



