282 APPENDIX. 



name above given is that by which they are generally knr vn. Their 

 flora is limited to ferns, cycads, conifers, and a few enclogens, with 

 only Populus primceva to represent the dicotyledons. These beds 

 are regarded as Lower Cretaceous (Urgonian), but the animal fossils 

 would seem to give them a rather higher position. They may be 

 regarded as equivalent to the Kootanie and Queen Charlotte beds in 

 Canada, and the Potomac series in Virginia. 



2. The Atane series. These also are black shales with dark- 

 coloured sandstones. They are best exposed at Upernavik and 

 Waigat. Here dicotyledonous leaves abound, amounting to ninety 

 species, or more than half the whole number of species found. 

 The fossil plants resemble those of the Dakota series of the United 

 States and the Dunvegan series of Canada, and the animal fossils 

 indicate the horizon of the Fort Pierre or its lower part. They may 

 be regarded as representing the lower part of the Upper Cretaceous. 

 The genera Populus, Myrica, Quercus, Ficus, Platanus, Sassafras, 

 Laurus, Magnolia, and Liriodendron are among those represented 

 in these beds, and the peculiar genera Macclintockia and Credneria 

 are characteristic. The genus Pinus is represented by five species, 

 Sequoia by five, and Salisburia by two, with three of the allied 

 genus Baiera. There are many ferns and cycads. 



3. The Patoot series. These are yellow and red shales, which 

 seem to owe their colour to the spontaneous combustion of pyritous 

 lignite, in the manner observed on the South Saskatchewan and the 

 Mackenzie rivers. Their age is probably about that of the Fox-Hill 

 group or Senonian, and the Upper Cretaceous of Vancouver Island, 

 and they afford a large proportion of dicotyledonous leaves. The 

 genera of dicotyledons are not dissimilar from those of Atane, but 

 we now recognise Betula and Alnus, Comptonia, Planer a, Sapo- 

 tacites, Fraxinus, Viburnum, Cornus, Acer, Celastrus, Paliurus, 

 Ceanothus, ZizypJius, and Cratcegus as new genera of modern aspect. 



On the whole there have been found in all these beds 335 species, 

 belonging to 60 families, of which 36 are dicotyledonous, and repre- 

 sent all the leading types of arborescent dicotyledons of the temper- 

 ate latitudes. The flora is a warm temperate one, with some re- 

 markable mixtures of sub-tropical forms, among which perhaps the 

 most remarkable are Kaidocarpum referred to the Pandanece, and 

 such exogens as Ficus and Cinnamomum. 



2. TERTIARY. 



4. The Unartok series. This is believed to be Eocene. It con- 

 sists of sandstone, which appears on the shores of Disco Island, and 



