PKOH1A < OIN'TY. 



the river steamers. When we first visited this locality in 1859 the up- 

 per seam (Xo. 6) was worked by Mr. John D. Jones, in a tunnel driven 

 horizontally into the bluff on the outcrop of the seam. The coal aver- 

 ages about four feet in thickness and has a good roof of bituminous shale 

 and limestone. 



Xo. i was also worked at this time by the Kingston Coal Company, 

 in a horizontal tunnel driven into the base of the hill. The thickness of 

 the coal in this seam ranges here from four to four and a half feet, and 

 the coal is much harder than that in the upper seam and is a good steam 

 coal, but contains more pyrite than Xo. 6, and is consequently not a 

 favorite coal with the blacksmiths. 



At Lancaster landing, one mile and a half below Kingston, both 

 s<-aius have been opened, and the lower one has been constantly worked 

 for several years. Its thickness here is from four and a half to five feet, 

 with a roof of bituminous shale one foot thick overlaid by shale and 

 sandstone. Below the coal there is from one to two feet of dark-blue 

 fire-clay, underlaid with shale containing bands of septaria. From the 

 roof >hales of this s-am we obtained the following fossils at the various 

 mines in this part of the county: Lingula -umbondta? Disci tin -n it ida, 

 Athyris subtilitu. Aciculopecten rectalaterarea, Petrodm occidentalis, Li#- 

 tracanthu* JtystrLr. Pleurotomaria Grayrillemis, and joints of crin&idea, 

 some of the latter being more than half an inch in diameter. 



At Liverpool. Xo. 6 is mined to supply steamers at that point, as Xo. 

 4 is below the level of the bottom lands. The roof of this seam is usu- 

 ally a foot or more of bituminous shale, overlaid by from two to three 

 feet of brownish-gray argillaceous limestone. The characteristic fossil 

 of this limestone is a small Fusulina. about the size and form of a grain 

 of wheat, but associated with it we find Productus bmfMptMtt, P.costatus, 

 Hemipronites cratxn*. Chonetes mcsoJoba and joints of crinoidea. The coal 

 in this seam is not so persistent in its development as that of Xo. 4, be- 

 ing more effected by the irregularities usually termed ''horsebacks' 7 by 

 the miners, by which the coal is partly or wholly replaced with shale or 

 fire-clay. This forms the great impediment to the successful mining 

 of this seam at the present time. The following section of the strata out- 

 cropping at Kingston was made on my first visit to the locality in 1859 : 



Xo. 1. Sparry brownish-gray limestone 2 feet. 



Xo. -2. Shales, sandy and argillaceous 12 to 15 



Xo. 3. CoalXo.7 .". 1J 



X. 4. Fire-clay 2 



Xo. 5. Sandstone and shale 20 to 25 



X< >. 6. Limestone 2 to 3 



Xo. 7. Bituminous shale 1 to 3 



-. CoalXo. 6 3 to 4$ 



Xo. 9. Fire-clay 2 to 3 



Xo. 10. Sandstone and sandy shales 35 to 40 



Xo. 11. Blue clay shales with bands of ironstone 10 to 15 



3-2 



