298 GEOLOGY OF ILLINOIS. 



On a branch of Apple creek, two miles north of Scottsville, the beds 

 of the foregoing section, from 7 to 16 inclusive, are well exposed, and 

 the lower coal seam has been opened at several points by tunnels driven 

 into the hillsides. It ranges in thickness from two to four feet, and is 

 divided near the middle by a parting of shale from one to two indies 

 thick. The coal is overlaid by two or three feet of clay shale and a bed 

 of argillaceous limestone, which sometimes passes into calcareous shales 

 three or four feet in thickness. The limestone weathers to a rusty-brown 

 color, on exposure, though its color is a light-gray on a freshly broken 

 surface. Where this rock is shaly it afforded some good fossils, among 

 which the Camaroplwria Osayensis and Productm longispimts w T ere the 

 most common. This coal is underlaid, first, by from one to two feet of 

 shaly fire clay, and then a bed of nodular argillaceous limestone con- 

 taining numerous joints of large Crinoiclea, associated with Producing 

 costatus and Spirifer cameratnn. 



The cannel coal, No. 2 of the foregoing section, was opened at an 

 early day on land owned by Mathew Newkirk, on section 11, township 

 12 north, range 9 west, and was worked for several years by Mr. John 

 Carlin, to supply the local demand of the neighborhood. The seam 

 varies in thickness from eighteen inches to two feet, the upper part being 

 a true cannel coal and the lower a common bituminous coal. It has 

 proved to be quite local in its development, and has not as yet been met 

 with at any other locality in the county of sufficient thickness to be of 

 any economical value. This seam may be the equivalent of No. 7 coal 

 in the general section of the lower Coal Measures of Fulton county, but 

 we are not sure that it does not hold a still higher position, and is an 

 entirely local seam not represented at all in that section. 



The limestone below this coal is also local in its development, not ap- 

 pearing at all on the ravine where the coal was opened, though exposed 

 on another not more than two hundred yards to the northward, and 

 again a mile and a-half east of the old Newkirk mine. The coarse 

 brown limestone is also local in its development and quite variable in 

 thickness, ranging from one to eight feet. Lithologically it resem- 

 bles a limestone occurring at a much higher level in the vicinity of 

 Yirden, and represented by No. 8 of the Yirdeu shaft section. 



The sandstone below the coarse-grained limestone, at the locality two 

 miles north of Scottsville, is quite massive and affords a very good 

 building stone. This is also true of the sandstone below the Newkirk 

 coal, No. 5 of the foregoing section, and the upper twenty feet of the 

 bed is a micaceous sandstone impregnated with the .rxydof iron, which 

 hard ens /m exposure, and affords a reliable building stone. 



We were unable to determine the exact horizon of the lower coal, 

 No. 15 of the section, but it seems to be more like No. 6 of the general 



