ECONOMICAL GEOLOGY. 65 



The record of this boring describes the formations passed 

 through as follows : 



Feet. 



1. Earth (soil, clay, etc) 25 



2. Limestone 100 



3. Flint 05 



L Limestone 150 



5. White soapstone 125 



6. Blue soapstone 175 



7. Mostly flint 55 



8. Lime, sand and water 25 



Total depth 680 



a. 2 and 3 are undoubtedly Keokuk limestone. No. 4 Bur- 

 lington limestone. Xos. 5 and 6 Kinderhook shales, and Nos. 7 

 and 8 are Devonian and Upper Silurian limestones. 



When the stratum from which the Hamilton flow comes was 

 penetrated in the ^ Carthage well, the water raised to within 

 fifteen feet of the surface and remained there, indicating a dif- 

 ference in the surface level at the two localities of about 75 feet. 

 This well was continued down to the depth of 975 feet, when, 

 on reaching the St. Peters sandstone, a fine flow of water was 

 obtained, but it failed to rise more than about five feet above 

 the surface. Subsequently the boring was continued down to 

 the Potsdam sandstone, without obtaining, however, any 

 decided increase in the flow of water. 



Unfortunately no accurate record of this well was kept, but 

 the following data to the St. Peters sandstone was given me 

 from memory by the foreman in charge of the work: 



Feet. 



1. Drift clay, sand and gravel 214 



_'. White limestone 70 



3. Shale 355 



4. Limestone 336 



- . Peters sandstone 



No. 2 is undoubtedly the Burlington limestone. No. 3 includes 

 the Kinderhook shales, the Devonian and Upper Silurian and 

 tht- Cincinnati shales, and No. 4 the Trenton limestone. 



The water from both these wells is so highly charged with 

 mineral matter as to render it unfit for culinary use. 



The third well was sunk tt Beardstown on the Illinois river 

 and but a few tVet above the flood plain of that stream. This 

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