INVERTEBRATES. 71 



ORDER ZOANTHARIA. 



GEM'S ZAPHREXTIS. Rafinesque. 



ZAPHKENTIS DALEI. Edwards and Haime. 



Zaphrentis spinuJifera. Hall. 



PI. X, Figs. 12-12a. 



This coral was described in the first Iowa report, Vol. 1, part 

 2, page 650. PI. 22, figs, la, Ib. Its date is 1858. 



In 1851 Edwards and Hairae published a species which they 

 named Z. dalei (Mon. d. Pol. Foss. d. Ter. Pal.) from the same 

 locality, (Warsaw, 111.,) which is probably the same as Z. 

 spuiulifera, in which case the specific name dalei should have 

 precedence in accordance with the well established rules of 

 nomenclature. Hall's description is given below. 



"Coral in the form of a reversed cone, curved. Calyx slightly 

 oblique, circular or sub-circular, the cavity deep ; septal fossette 

 strongly marked, situated on the inner side of the curvature. 

 Radiating lamellae strongly defined, somewhat irregularly curved, 

 numbering at the margin from forty-two to fifty, and uniting 

 in fascicles of two, three, four or more before reaching the 

 center; outer walls of the calyx thin at the upper margins, be- 

 coming very thick and strong below. Externally somewhat 

 rugose, and often swelling abruptly at intervals; the stages of 

 growth marked by somewhat regular rows of nodes or short 

 spines/' 



The following is a free translation of Edwards and Haime's de- 

 scription of Z. dalei, from the same locality: ' 'Coral in the form 

 of an elongated cone, moderately curved ; external ridges irregu- 

 lar. Calyx oblique, sub-circular with a profound cavity. Fossette 

 rather deep and situated on the side of least curvature. La- 

 mellae sixty to seventy, well developed, thin, alternately a little 



