HISTOKICAL SKETCH. 53 



1832, Allen. | 



so far as named, are Rice (probably Shingle creek in Hennepin county), 

 Crow, Sac, Elk, Swan, Crow Wing, Pine, and Willow. The Crow Wing has 

 a northern tributary near its mouth called Salt river, coming from Gull 

 lake. The Shell river rises in Shell lake, and the Leaf river is not named. 

 Although his journal alludes to Leaf river, giving it a size nearly as large as 

 the Crow Wing where they join, and states its source is in Leaf lake fifty 

 miles above its mouth, yet neither is represented on his map. He has 

 incorrectly named it " Shell river," which really joins the Crow Wing much 

 higher up, as represented by Schoolcraft, and later by Nicollet. A large 

 tributary of the St. Peter's river from the north is Beaver river, undoubtedly 

 the Pomme de Terre (or Tipsinah) river. Big Stone lake is named Big Salt 

 lake, and the Minnesota river above that lake is called Cold creek. The 

 head of the Coteau is styled "Thunder Nest Mountains," and a series of 

 " salt ponds " is represented just to the east. The eastern branches of the Red 

 river of the North are the Chippewa, the Wild Rice, Plum, Sand Hill and 

 Red Lake rivers. The map is characterized by the representation of marked 

 hill-ranges, sometimes called mountains. The great moraine of western 

 Minnesota is shown from a point north of Cass lake southward to near the 

 source of the Crow river, under the name, " Dividing Ridge between the 

 Mississippi and Red rivers." The " Cabotian Mountains" begin between the 

 Cloquet river and lake Superior and extend southwestwardly across the 

 St. Louis river, forming the Dalles, and several miles further. A range 

 designated " Pine hills ", extends from the upper St. Croix lake westward 

 nearly to the source of Snake river. The Nemadji, or Left Hand river, 

 entering lake Superior near Superior City, is named " La Riviere a Gauche." 

 Red Cedar lake is near the Mississippi northwest of Mille Lacs, and Red lake 

 is between *fc and Long lake toward the southwest, and empties into the 

 Mississippi by a small stream. 



Lieut. Allen further defines the geography of the upper Mississippi in 

 his journal, mentioning various streams and lakes that are not put down on 

 his map. In first making the "grand portage" through the Cabotian 

 mountains, he describes it as running back from the river in some places 

 four or five miles but touching it at " La Roche Galet." The rock in the 

 river at the upper end of the portage is described as "coarse, hard, argillite 

 rock," and the country through which it passes as rich, and timbered with 



