HOUSTON COUNTY. 215 



Trees and shrubs.] 



Ulmus Americana, L. (PL Clayt.) Willd. (American elm). 



Ulmus fulva, Mich. (Slippery elm). 



Ulmus racemosa, Thomas. (Corky elm.) 



[The first named elm is very common, and acquires a very large size in the bottom lands of 

 the Hoot river, but the slippery elm is comparatively rare. The corky elm seems to be that which 

 is commonly known as rock elm. It is likely to be confounded with the American elm. It 

 grows more slowly, and has a thick corky bark, particularly on its young twigs. Its bud-scales are 

 downy-ciliate, while those of the American elm are glabrous.] 



Tilia Americana, L. (Basswood). 



Carya amara, ffutt. (Bittemut hickory). 



Carya alba, Nutt. (Shag-bark hickory). 



[Of these hickories the former furnishes the great bulk of the hoop-poles for flour-barrels, 

 cut in the southern and central portions of the state, the latter being a much more rare tree. It 

 is only in eastern Houston and Winona counties that the shag-bark hickory is known to occur 

 generally. It is exceedingly rare in Fillmore county, and does not occur in the Big Woods.] 



Juglans nigra, L. (Black walnut). 



Juglans cinerea, L. ( White walnut, or butternut). 



[The former is comparatively rare, but the latter is one of the most common trees along 

 valleys.] 



Fraxinus Americana, L. (White ash). 



Fraxinus sambucifolia, Lam. (Black ash). 



[The former is often seen as a large tree, but the latter is rare, having been noted only in the 

 timbered bottoms of the Root river at Houston.] 



Pruuus Americana, Marsh. (Wild plum). 



Primus Pennsylvania, L. (Wild red cherry). 



Prunus Virginiana, L. (Choke cherry). 



Prunus serotina, Ehr. (Black cherry.) 



Pirus coronaria, L. (American crab-apple). 



Negundo aceroides, Mcench. (Box-elder). 



Cratsegus coccinea, L. (Thorn apple). 



Cratsegus tomentosa, L. (Black thorn). 



Celtis occidentalis, L. (Hackberry). 



Betula lutea, Michx. (Gray birch). 



Betula nigra, L. (Red birch or River birch. [River bottoms, La Crescent.] 



Betula papyracea, Ait. (Paper or canoe birch). 



[Of these birches the last is quite common but the first is rare. The outer bark of the paper 

 birch is snowy white, and the tree rarely becomes larger than three or four inches in diameter, 

 and indeed is usually less than two. It frequents rocky banks and sterile soils, being rarely seen 

 except along a hillside, where its white, small trunks make it very noticeable. The former has 

 been seen only in rich, moist lowlands, with large timber surrounding, and is apt to grow, unless in- 

 jured, to a large tree of a foot or two in diameter. Its twigs and bark are so aromatic as to cause 

 it to be mistaken for the black, or cherry birch, of the middle and eastern states, which has not 

 yet been reported as occurring within the state of Minnesota. The red birch has been cut con- 

 siderably for fuel at La Crescent. It forms a large and shady tree suitable for ornamental pur- 

 poses, when growing alone, but in the bottom-land it is not a handsome tree.] 



Prunus Strobus, L. (White pine). 



[On Crooked creek, at La Crescent; on Beaver creek ; on Winnebago and Money creeks]. 



Ostrya Virginica, Willd. (Irouwood). 



Salix sp? [Various species ; one species becomes a large tree, as seen in the bottoms at 

 Houston.] 



Gymnocladus Canadensis, Lam. (Kentucky coffee-tree). 



[The coffee-tree occasionally is seen, even eighteen inches in diameter, and is used for lum- 

 ber. It was particularly noted about Houston.] 



Larix Americana, Michx. (Tamarack). [Only known on Pine creek.] 



Cornus circinata, L'Her. (Round-leaved cornel). 



Cornus sericea, L. (Silky cornel). 



