216 THE GEOLOGY OF MINNESOTA. 



[Trees and shrubs. 



Cornus paniculate, L'Her. (Panicled cornel). [Along the ravines.] 



Cornus alternifolia, L. (Alternate-leaved cornel). 



Gaultheria procumbens, L. (Wintergreenj. [Seen only at Mound Prairie.] 



Alnus incana, Willd. (Speckled alder). 



Diervilla triflda, Mcench. (Bush honeysuckle). [Along the bluffs of the Mississippi.] 



Ehus typhina, L. (Stag-horn sumac). [Rare; seen at Brownsville.] 



Rhus copallina, L. (Dwarf sumac). 



Sambucus Canadensis, L. (Common elder). 



Castanea vesca, L. (Chestnut). [Cultivated; seen on sec. 29, Union.] 



Eobinia Pseudacacia, L. (Locust). [Only cultivated.] 



Staphylea trifolia, L. (Bladder-nut.) 



Gleditschia monosperma, Walt. (Water-locust.) [Only in cultivation; seen at Hokah.J 



Rosa blanda, Ait. (Early wild rose). 



Rosa Carolina, L. (Swamp rose). [This is a bushy rose, eight feet high and less.] 



Rhus glabra, L. (Smooth sumac). 



Rhus Toxicodendron, L. (Poison ivy). 



Rhus venenata, DC. (Poison sumac). 



Abies balsamea, Marshall. (Balsam fir). [Only in cultivation].] 



Rubus strigosus, Michx. (Red raspberry). 



Rubus villosus, Ait. (High blackberry.) 



Rubus occidentalis, L. (Black-cap raspberry.) 



Rubus ? (Low blackberry.) [M.ore or less trailing.] 



Juniperus Sabina, L. var. procumbens, Pursh. (Trailing cedar.) [Hokah and Sheldon.] 



Juniperus Virginiana, L. (Red cedar.) 



Apocynum androsffimifolium, L. (Dogbane.) 



Carpinus Americana, Michx. (Water beech). 



Spiraea opulifolia, L. (Nine-baik). 



Xanthoxylum Americanum, Mill. (Prickly ash.) 



Amorpha canescens, Nutt. (Lead plant.) 



Lonicera parviflora, Lam. (Small honeysuckle). 



Amelanchier Canadensis, Torr. and Gray. ( Juneberry.) 



Vitis cordifolia, Michx. (Grape.) 



Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Michx. (Virginia creeper.) 



Celastrus scandens, L. (Climbing bittersweet.) 



Clematis Virginiana, L. (Common virgiu's-bower.) [Common in the valley of Root river, 

 below Hokah.] 



Viburnum Lentago, L. (Sheepberry). 



Viburnum Opulus, L. (Highbush cranberry). 



Ceanothus Americanus, L. (Jersey tea.) 



Menispermum Canadense, L. (Moonseed.) 



Ribes Cynosbati, L. (Gooseberry). 



Ribes floridum, L. (Wild black currant). 



Ribes rotundifolium, Michx. (Gooseberry). 



Corylus Americana, Walt. (Hazel-nut.) 



Symphoricarpus occidentalis, B. Br. (Wolfberry). 



Dirca palustris, L. (Leathervrood.) 



[This was found along the bottoms of Beaver creek in Caledonia township . in the neighborhood 

 of the great spring. The wood, instead of being "very brittle", as described by Gray, was pliable 

 and spongy, resembling a green cornstalk. This was in the month of July.] 



Smilax rotundifolia, L. (Common greenbrier.) 



[This was seen growing very luxuriantly in the sandy alluvium of the Root river bottoms, 

 below Hokah, associated with the virgin's-bower and the climbing bittersweet. In the same 

 vicinity were also the wild grape, the Virginia creeper, and a number of herbaceous vines. The 

 leaves on the different parts of the greenbrier differ very noticeably. Those on the large annual 

 shoots which run ten or fifteen feet, are ovate and heart-shaped, large, three inches long; those of 

 the fruiting stems or branchlets, are rarely heart-shaped, but are ovate, and less than half the size 



