266 THE GEOLOGY OP MINNESOTA. 



[Brick. 



suitably handled in the mortar, than lime derived from pure limestones. 

 This industry is carried on extensively at Winona, by Messrs. Porter and 

 O'Dae, and to some extent in several other places in the county. John Died- 

 rich burns lime, section 8, Elba, supplying a local demand. 



Brick. Throughout the county the clays of the loess-loam make red 

 brick. The principal manufacturers are the following : 



John Groff, three miles south of Winona; produces from six to seven 

 hundred thousand per year; sells for eight dollars per thousand; oak wood 

 costs from $4.50 to $5.00 per cord; uses the loam of the upper slope from 

 the bluff. 



0. Biesanz, west of Winona, thirteen hundred thousand per year; sells 

 at $8.00 per thousand; wood $4.00 per cord; uses the loam of the country, 

 which there has no limy concretions. 



Sherwood and Johnson, Dresbach; in good weather make 30,000 per 

 day; two millions were made in 1881; sell at $6.00 per thousand, loaded on 

 the cars; oak wood is $3.00 per cord, soft wood $2.50; ship by cars and by 

 river; steam machinery for molding. 



Mosse and Dresbach, Dresbach; sell hand-mold brick at $6.00 per thou- 

 sand, on the the cars ; this is a new firm. 



Williams and Schmidtz, a new firm, sell for the same price. 



The brick-yards at Dresbach are in active and nourishing condition, 

 and they furnish a fine quality of red brick, some of them being a superior 

 pressed brick, equal in texture and fineness to those from St. Louis, but not 

 yet their equal in the mechanical execution of the molding and handling. 

 The loam used is free from limestone and from concretions. It lies directly 

 on the sandstone of the St. Croix, but has in its upper portions (which are 

 rejected)' layers of debris, like Nos. 3 and 5 of the section at Pickwick. 



Archceology. At Dresbach have been found interesting implements in 

 making excavations in the loam for extending the brick-yards. It became 

 necessary to remove several of the ancient earth-mounds, and in so doing 

 two copper implements were obtained, together with fragments of chert 

 and pieces of human skull, and of ancient pottery. The skeleton accom- 

 panying these specimens was stated by Mr. Geo. B. Dresbach, Jr. and by 

 Mr. Mosse, to have measured eight feet in length. This also agrees with a 

 statement made by Col. George B. Dresbach, concerning the size of a skele- 



