FILLMORE COUNTY. 279 



Trees and shrubs.] 



of young native timber, not exceeding five or six inches in diameter, due to this gradual change 

 since the suppression of the prairie fires. 



Quercus macrocarpa, Michx. Bur oak. 



Quercus coccinea, Wang., var. tinctoria, Gray. Black oak. 



This is the oak that is abundant as underbrush, and small trees. It often forms thickets 

 skirting the outlines of a prairie. Large trees are found in the heavy timber in the northwestern 

 portion of the county. 



Populus tremuloides, Michx. Aspen. Generally small, and on the borders of prairies. 



Quercus alba, L. White oak. Common in the timber in Spring Valley and Jordan town- 

 ships, and generally along the valleys of the principal streams. 



Prunus Americana, Marshall. Wild plum. 



Populus grandidentata, Miclix. Great-toothed poplar. Very frequently mistaken for the 

 American aspen. 



Ulmus Americana, L. (PI. Clayt.), Willd. American elm. 



Tilia Americana, L. Bass. 



Fraxinus Americana, . White ash. 



Pirus coronaria, L. American crab-apple. Common along the margins of prairies and in 

 open valleys. 



Ostrya Virginica, Willd. Ironwood. 



Acer dasycarpum, Ehr. Soft maple ; white or silver maple. 



Acer saccharinum, Wang. Sugar maple. Common in the heavy timber in Spring Valley 

 and Jordan townships. 



Populus monilifera, Ait. Cottonwood. 



Prunus serotina, Ehr. Black cherry. Trees generally small. 



Carya amara, Nutt. Bitternut. 



Juglans cinerea, L. Butternut. Seen most abundant in the heavy timber in the north- 

 western part of the county. 



Prunus Pennsylvania, L. Wild red cherry. 



Cratgus coccinea, L. Thorn apple. 



Crataegus Crus-galli, L. Cockspur thorn. 



Betula papyracea, Ait. Paper or canoe birch. Trees small ; generally on stony soil, or 

 along rocky river banks. 



Juglans nigra, L. Black walnut. In the heavy timber of the northwestern part of the 

 county. 



Negundo aceroides, Moench. Box-elder. 



Juniperus Sabina, L. , var. procumbens, Pursh. Trailing cedar ; savin. Along the rocky river 

 bluffs. 



Pinus Strobus, L. White Pine. An occasional large tree is seen along the river bluffs, but 

 the most of it suitable for lumber has been cut. 



Carpinus Americana, Michx. Water beech. 



Carya alba, Nutt. Shagbark hickory. Seen in the valley of Root river, and in the tributary 

 gorges, at Rushford. 



Rhus glabra, L. Smooth sumach. 



Cornus paniculata, L'Her. Panicled cornel. 



Cornus circinata, L'Her. Round-leaved cornel. 



Symphoricarpus occidentalis, B. Br. Wolf berry. 



Lonicera grata, Ait. American woodbine. 



Amelanchier Canadensis, Torr. and Gray. Juneberry. 



Corylus Americana, Walt. Hazelnut. 



Rubus villosus, Ait. High blackberry. 



Rubus strigosus, Michx. Red raspberry. 



Rubus occidentalis, L. Black raspberry. 



Rosa blanda, Ait., and R. lucida, Ehr. Dwarf wild rose. 



Vitis cordifolia, Michx. Frost grape. 



Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Michx. Virginia creeper. 



Spiraea opulifolia, L. Nine-bark. 



