PILLMORE COUNTY. 297 



Galena limestone.] 



near the foot of the bluff, and by the falling out of repeated fragments an 

 opening having a fancied resemblance to an oven with a low chimney has 

 resulted. 



Sometimes the Galena shows, on freshly opened quarries, along the 

 bluffs, almost a white color. This is particularly the case on the N. -Jsec. 35, 

 Sumner, where an opening in a long-weathered "hogsback" reveals a very 

 light-colored limestone, in beds of about three inches, of a fine grain and 

 compact texture, not much crystalline and evidently impure with argilla- 

 ceous and siliceous qualities. 



Extensive working and burning of the Galena into quicklime is carried 

 on along Bear and Deer creeks, the banks of which are continuously rocky, 

 rising perpendicularly from one to two hundred feet from the water, in 

 Sumner and Spring Valley townships. These quarries are described under 

 the head of Economical Geology. The Galena is also wrought at Forestville 

 and near Carimona, presenting no exceptional features. At Forestville it 

 contains Receptaeulites and Strophomena, and exposes a thickness of about 

 140 feet. 



The same rock appears in the S. E. sec. 6, Forestville, along a little 

 ravine, and is slightly opened by John Hipes. It also appears at other 

 points between there and Spring Valley. 



At Baldwin's dam. sec. 21, Forestville, 130 feet of these calcareous strata 

 are seen. 



S. E. J sec. 30, Forestville. In some fragments thrown out in the dig- 

 ging of a .well a fine-grained rock occurred, resembling the fine shale seen 

 in the race at De For's mill, which crumbles to pieces in the weather. 

 It here lies below some heavy calcareous beds seen in the hills enclosing the 

 valley, and contains doubtfully species of Graptolithus, Orthis and Orthonota. 



At Granger the Galena only occupies the bluifs; but at two miles west 

 of Granger, where the river enters the state for a short distance, the bluffs 

 are high, and are made up of the Galena with a topping of fifteen or twenty 

 feet of the Devonian. 



N. W. sec. 36, Bristol. Hiram Andrews has a quarry in the Galena, 

 which alone occupies at this place the river banks, though the beds of the 

 quarry are apparently in the upper portion of the formation. The layers 

 are thicker than usual, somewhat vesicular, and present some of the con- 



