332 THE GEOLOGY OF MINNESOTA. 



[Shrubs. Vines. 



Populus dilatata, Ait. Lombardy poplar. The last three are introduced and very common 

 in cultivation. 



Salix sp? Willows. Several species were seen, some of them becoming large trees. 



Finns Strobus, L. White pine. A few straggling specimens appear about the river bluffs. 



Kobinia Pseud acacia, L. Commonly cultivated. Several species of pine, spruce and a 

 larch are also cultivated. 



II. Shrubs of Olmsted county. 



Xanthoxylum Americanum, Mill. Frickly ash. 

 Rhus glabra, L. Smooth sumac. 

 B. Toxicodendron, L. Poison ivy. 

 Amorpha fruticosa, L. False indigo. 



A. canescens, Kutt. Lead plant. 



Prunus Americana, Marshall. Wild plum. Apparently several varieties, some of them 

 producing the greatest abundance of pleasant fruit. 

 P. Pennsylvanica, L. Wild red cherry. 

 P. Virginiana, L. Choke cherry. 

 P. serotina, Ehr. Wild black cherry. 

 Spirsea opulifolia, L. Nine-bark. 

 Bosa blanda. Ait. Wild rose. 

 Bubus strigosus, Michx. Wild red raspberry. 



B. occidentalis, L. Wild black raspberry. Flavor of the fruit is said to be remarkably good. 



B. villosus, Ait. Common blackbeny. Not common. 

 Cratsegus tomentosa, L., var. pyrifolia, Gray. Black thorn. 

 Cratsegus tomentosa, L., var. punctata, Gray. Black thorn. 

 Pirus arbutifolia, L. Choke cherry. 



P. Americana, DC. American mountain-ash. Cultivated. 

 P. aucuparia, Gcert. European mountain-ash. Cultivated. 

 Cornus stolonifera, Michx. Bed-osier dogwood. 



C. paniculata, liHer. Panicled cornel. 

 Symphoricarpus occidentalis, It. Br. Wolf-berry. 

 Viburnum Lentago, L. Sheep-berry. Wild haw. 



V. Opulus, L. Cranberry-tree. Is frequently cultivated. 

 Corylus Americana, Walt. Hazel. Abundant on prairies. 

 Betula pumila, L. Low birch. Cold bogs. 

 Alnus incana, Willd. Speckled alder. Along streams. 



Juniperus Sabina, L., var. procumbens, Pursh. Juniper. Seen only on a rocky bank on 

 Boot river, in sec. 35, Bock Dell. 



III. Vines in Olmsted county. 



Clematis Virginiana, L. Virgin's-bower. 

 Vitis cordifolia, Michx. Frost grape. 

 Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Michx. Virginia creeper. 



Common wild, and a favorite in cultivation. It is often erroneously called ir.y, and is fre- 

 quently known as woodbine. 



Celastrus scandens, L. Climbing bitter-sweet. 

 Humulus Lupulus, L. Hop. Wild and in cultivation. 



THE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF OLMSTED COUNTY. 



The outcrops of rock are numerous throughout the county, and are 

 specially frequent along the tops of the bluffs that line the deeply eroded 

 valleys that prevail over several counties in this part of the state. This 

 system of deep valleys tributary to the great Mississippi toward the east, 







