452 THE GEOLOGY OF MINNESOTA. 



(Pottery. Artesian wells . 



of superior quality, for the manufacture of fire-bricks. From the pottery 

 clay and sand of this age close east of the railroad bridge over the LeSueur 

 river, fire-bricks are successfully made by Andrew Gapter, whose price for 

 them is $40 per thousand at wholesale, and ten cents apiece in small lots. 



Drain-tiles. S. F. Alberger, of Mankato, has recently begun the man- 

 ufacture of drain-tiles. The clay used is obtained in the bluffs of the 

 Le Sueur river and its tributary from the east known as Chalk run, in the 

 S. W. J of section 35, Mankato, being from No. 2 of the Cretaceous section 

 recorded on page 435. The tiles made are firm and compact, and of a light 

 red or pinkish color, varying to yellowish. 



Pottery. Andrew Gapter has made pottery in the northeast part of 

 Mankato since 1877 ; obtaining the clay used during the first two years 

 from the bluffs of the Cottonwood river in section 3, Sigel. near New Ulm; 

 but since then getting all the kinds of clay and sand required from the 

 Cretaceous strata just mentioned on the Le Sueur river. He sells yearly 

 about $3,000 worth of ware, the price being eight to nine cents per gallon. 

 It is strong and durable, having, when not glazed, a reddish brown color. 



Artesian wells and fountains. Some notice of the common wells of Blue 

 Earth county, and of. the ample quantity and good quality of their supply 

 of water, was given in treating of the glacial drift. 



The well at Mankato, 2,204 feet deep, the section of which has been 



i 



presented on page 423, found no artesian flow of water, and is not used. 

 It was drilled for the city, in the winter of 1874-5, at a cost of $12,000. 

 About half its depth is six inches in diameter; and the portion below, three 

 and five-eighths inches. Water was found in one of the layers of sand in 

 the till at 85 feet. Within the rock it was first found at 540 feet, from 

 which depth it rose to 90 feet below the top of the well. At 1,160 feet the 

 drill fell a little, and from this new source the water rose ten feet higher. At 

 1,975 feet the drill again dropped, and the water rose ten feet higher still, 

 to 70 feet below the surface. The supply appears, as tested by pumping, 

 to be enough for the city's needs; and as the well is at the top, and near 

 the edge, of the bluff, 200 feet above the greater part of the city, the water 

 maybe obtained and the well utilized by tunneling to it at a depth of 

 eighty or ninety feet below its top. 



Many flowing or artesian wells, called fountains, probably more than 



