552 THE GEOLOGY OF^MIKNESOTA. 



[Wells. 



more gravel mixed in, and also small deposits of silver-white sand in pockets varying from one to 

 three inches in thickness, about 15 feet; at 47 feet was a layer of dark bluish clay, very soft, six 

 inches thick, underlain by quicksand, from which water of excellent quality rose twenty-one feet 

 in five minutes, the well being three feet in diameter. 



Another well, 32 feet deep, situated twenty-five rods north of the foregoing, was the same 

 as that for the first 18 feet; then a bed of water-bearing gravel was found, 1J feet thick; beneath 

 which the well went 12J feet in soft grayish clay, probably till, full of seeping water. 



In sec. 5 a well 10 feet deep, near the head of a slough, found soil 5 feet: soft, grayish clay 

 with seep-water, 3 feet, and gravel with abundance of water, 2 feet. Jn this well, between the 

 soil and the clay, was found ''a lower jaw-bone of some graminivorous animal ; one side was 

 badly decayed, the other was sound; four of the big molars were in a perfect state of preserva- 

 tion." In the gravel were noticed ''some small pieces of shells such as clams and snails." 



Henry Halbert; S. W. } of sec. 12; well 30 feet; "joint-clay" all the way; water good, seeps. 

 Frank P. Kennedy; sec. 32: well 100 feet deep, mostly the ordinary dark bluish till, not 

 striking rock; water rose rapidly, filling the well half full. 



Martin. G. L. Thaden; sec. 2: well, 24 feet; soil, 2; yellow till, spaded, 15 feet; compact 

 gravel and sand, with boulders, rounded stones, up to one foot in diameter, making a "hardpan," 

 yellowish, iron-rusted, 2 feet; blue till about the same in hardness as the yellow till, 5 feet, and 

 extending lower; water comes at the top of the blue till, usually standing about rive feet deep. 



John B. Martin; S. E. J of sec. 12: well, 22 feet; soil, 3 feet, containing no gravel, and very 

 rarely any pieces of rock; yellow till, 10 feet; harder blue till, 9 feet, and extending lower; water 

 seeps at the bottom of the yellow till, usually affording an ample supply. Mr. Martin states that 

 chalk-like ; limy concretions, one to three inches long, flattisn or shaped like potatoes, were found 

 quite numerously in the blue till of his well, which, as also the yellow till, has many pebbles and 

 fragments of granite, hornblende schist, limestone, quartzyte, etc. These limy concretions were 

 infrequent or wanting at this place in the yellowish upper portion of the till. 



Kanaranzi. Jacob Rush; S. E. \ of sec. 6: well, 32 feet; soil, 2: yellowish till, 30 feet, 

 slightly gravelly in its upper portion, all yellowish gray, excepting one foot, which was darker 

 and harder than the rest, covering a part of the well at the depth of 28 feet, becoming more grav- 

 elly below, with the last foot holding frequent stones up to six inches in diameter; water rose six 

 feet from the bottom, which seemed to be only a gravelly softer portion of the till. Soft chalk- 

 like lumps, up to two inches in diameter, were found in Mr. Rush's well, mostly at 5 to 8 feet, 

 but also to some extent all the way down to the bottom. This was in true till. Such chalk-like 

 lumps (sometimes drift-pebbles from Cretaceous beds, but often evidently concretions of segre- 

 gated calcareous matter, analogous with the concretions of the loess) are found quite commonly 

 in wells of this region, both in the blue and the yellow till. 



Mr. Shively; well, 22 feet; good water from sand at 18 feet, under "joint-clay". 

 William Macnab; N. VV. J, sec. 18: on the upland east of Rock river: well, 62 feet; soil, 5 feet; 

 reddish sand, 1 foot; yellow till, spaded, 5 feet; much harder bluish till, more gravelly, dark at 

 first, bluish gray in the lower portion, 51 feet; this blue till was all the way moist, but had no 

 springs, and no supply of water was found. 



Mound. Lary McDermott; S. W. J, sec. 25: well, 28 feet; black soil, 6 feet, alluvial and 

 partly wind-blown from the top of the mound, in whose lee this well is situated; yellow till, spaded, 

 19 feet; gravel and sand, 3 feet, enclosing occasional flat pieces of quartzyte, and yielding plenty 

 of good water, which becomes one and a half feet deep. 



Thomas Kennedy; N. W. J of sec. 35; well, 42 feet; "a dangerous gas gathers in this well; 

 struck black clay at the depth of 15 or 20 feet; and at the depth of 40 feet we struck a log, which 

 the auger bored in two; it seemed to be petrified, and it looked like cedar, judging by the grain; 

 at the bottom of this log, there seemed to be a black lot of rubbish, such as bark and leaves, 

 appearing flaky, as leaves would be under such circumstances; the sand beneath was dark and the 

 water poor, so that it could not be used." 



Clinton. E. A. Brown; sec. 14: well, 30 feet; soil, 3; yellow clay, becoming dark below, 

 thought to have no grit or gravel in it, but containing occasional small pieces of stone, probably 

 twenty-five and perhaps fifty found in this well, which was bored about two feet in diameter, 27 

 feet; water seeps, becoming three feet deep. This well is situated close west of the bottomland 

 of the Rock river, and about ten feet above it. 



