BROWN AND REDWOOD COUNTIES. 575 



Cretaceous beds.] 



Passing into 

 o. Sandy clay, of a light umber color 1 J ft. 



6. Bedded sandy clay, of an earth color, (same as No. 2) 2 ft. 



7. Greenish sand, the color coming from the mixture of green shale with the 



sand, the grains of sand being white quartz 2 inches. 



8. White sandstone in one bed, or weathering into beds of two inches 1 ft. 



9. Green bedded shale, or clay, with some fine sand grains, and some lamina- 



tions or thick beds that are all white sand, but generally maintaining a green 



color, seen 18 ft. 



10. Slope and talus 10 ft. 



" The bedding seen in the foregoing section is horizontal, and shows no fossils. Although 

 there is no opportunity at this place to determine whether this series of shales lies above or below 

 the sandstone at Fritz's [four miles southeast, on the north side of the Minnesota river], by an 

 observation made in the bank of the road.at the crossing of the Waraju [Cottonwood river], it is 

 believed to overlie that sandstone, but to underlie a series of calcareous beds that appear in the 

 right bank of the river, about a mile below the mouth of the Waraju. The colors near the top of 

 the foregoing section exchange places a little, in following the bluff along, drift boulders and 

 gravel occupying the place of clay in No. 3. In some places the red irony stain passes down lower. 

 It is likely that the red, brown and ochery colors are due to ferriferous waters, since the deposit of 

 the Cretaceous, and to oxygen in the air. Hence it is not certain that the drift extends through 

 the whole of No. 3, although drift boulders are mixed with it, or replace it, in some places. When 

 evenly bedded and free from boulders, it undoubtedly belongs to the Cretaceous, the drift stopping 

 with No. 2. When it is replaced by boulders, the Cretaceous is only so much the more worn away, 

 the color pervading them, or passing down to lower beds." 



Professor Winchell continues: " From the mouth of the Waraju [Cottonwood river] going 

 down the right bank of the Minnesota, a regular terrace [35 to 50 feet above the river] is seen to 

 rise several feet above the flood-plain. About a mile down, this terrace shows its origin and 

 composition, in the banks of a ravine which cuts it. Before reaching that point, however, an 

 outcrop of "gray concretionary limestone' is seen on the top of the terrace plateau. This limestone 

 here is overlain by a couple of feet of water-washed limestone, gravel and cobble-stones, mixed 

 toward the top with the usual black alluvium. The appearance of the quarried stone is like drift 

 pieces, and the bed from which it is taken is intersected variously with divisional planes, cutting 

 the mass into irregular fragments, which, on being taken out, appear weathered. Yet there are 

 crystal-lined cavities, some parts of it being mostly made up of calc spar. Since the formation of 

 the crystals, calcareous water has again deposited lime on the edges of the crystals, which, having 

 first been of the thin (axe-shaped) variety, have now the appearance of separate but crowded cock's 

 combs, the little beaded accretions of lime being arranged on their edges. There is also a consid- 

 erable quantity of uncrystallized lime on other surfaces. The interior of the stone is of a light 

 gray or drab color, and when compact and free from crystals is very fine grained. It is said to 

 make a white, strong quicklime, of which there can be no doubt. This limestone outcrop, which 

 shows only about 16 inches, is within a mile of the red quartzyte outcrop near New Ulm, the bare, 

 bald surfaces of which are visible from this point, on the other side of the Minnesota. 



" A little below the last described exposure, is Mr. Wm. Winkelmann's limekiln and quarry. 

 The stone here burned is in the same horizon, and comes from the banks of a ravine that here 

 enters the Minnesota. The limestone is much mixed, confusedly, with shale, but the following 

 general section can be made out, in which no fossils were seen: 



Section at Wm. Winkelmann's, sec. 2, Cottonwood. 



1. Alluvium and boulders 2 ft. 



2. Green shale, interstratified with belts and irregular nodules or masses of gray 



limestone 15 ft. 



3. Green shale 1 ft. 



4. White sand, varying to green shale 1 J ft. 



5. Green clay 2 ft. 



6. Calcareous shale, or marl, with some argillaceous matter 5 ft. 



7. Green shale, or clay, with blotches of red, seen 1 ft. 



Total 25ift. 



